7. a) Aldehydes and Ketones

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Aldehydes and Ketones

*Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of the same functional group –

_____________. The carbonyl functional group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an

____________ atom. What distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from one another structurally is the ______________ of the carbonyl group.

*In aldehydes , the carbonyl group is located at the end (or beginning) of the carbon chain, and will therefore be bonded to at least one ____________ atom.

*In ketones , the carbonyl group occurs in the interior of the carbon chain, and will therefore be bonded to two __________ groups.

Naming Aldehydes

*When naming aldehydes , add ________to the prefix of the parent alkane.

Examples: methan al (formaldehyde) ethan al

(acetaldehyde) propan al butan al

Q. Why is it not necessary to write a number in front of any aldehyde?

Naming Ketones

*When naming ketones , add ________to the prefix of the parent alkane.

Examples: propan one (acetone) butan one *2-pentan one 3-pentan

*When the ketone exceeds _______ carbons in length, a number must be included. Why?

Q. Why is it impossible to have a ketone that is one or two carbons in length? one

Review: How are aldehydes and ketones synthesized?

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