*Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of the
same
functional group –
_____________. The
carbonyl
functional group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an
____________ atom. What distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from one another structurally is the ______________ of the carbonyl group.
*In
aldehydes
, the carbonyl group is
located at the end (or beginning)
of the carbon chain, and will therefore be bonded to
at least one
____________ atom.
*In
ketones
, the carbonyl group occurs in the interior of the carbon chain, and will therefore be bonded to two __________ groups.
Naming Aldehydes
*When naming
aldehydes
, add ________to the prefix of the parent alkane.
Examples:
methan
al
(formaldehyde) ethan
al
(acetaldehyde) propan
al
butan
al
Q. Why is it
not
necessary to write a number in front of
any
aldehyde?
Naming Ketones
*When naming
ketones
, add ________to the prefix of the parent alkane.
Examples:
propan
one
(acetone) butan
one
*2-pentan
one
3-pentan
*When the ketone exceeds _______ carbons in length, a number must be included. Why?
Q. Why is it impossible to have a ketone that is
one or two
carbons in length?
one
Review:
How are aldehydes and ketones synthesized?