*Aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of the same functional group –
_____________. The carbonyl functional group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an
____________ atom. What distinguishes aldehydes and ketones from one another structurally is the ______________ of the carbonyl group.
*In aldehydes , the carbonyl group is located at the end (or beginning) of the carbon chain, and will therefore be bonded to at least one ____________ atom.
*In ketones , the carbonyl group occurs in the interior of the carbon chain, and will therefore be bonded to two __________ groups.
Naming Aldehydes
*When naming aldehydes , add ________to the prefix of the parent alkane.
Examples: methan al (formaldehyde) ethan al
(acetaldehyde) propan al butan al
Q. Why is it not necessary to write a number in front of any aldehyde?
Naming Ketones
*When naming ketones , add ________to the prefix of the parent alkane.
Examples: propan one (acetone) butan one *2-pentan one 3-pentan
*When the ketone exceeds _______ carbons in length, a number must be included. Why?
Q. Why is it impossible to have a ketone that is one or two carbons in length? one
Review: How are aldehydes and ketones synthesized?