NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY
33 POPE JOHN PAUL II STREET, MAITAMA DISTRICT,
P.M.B. 615, GARKI, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Agrometeorological Bulletin No.23, Dekad 2, August (11 – 20) 2012
SUMMARY
1.0 RAINFALL TREND
The 2nd dekad of August witnessed moderate to heavy rains across the country except for the southwest that was
experiencing a little dry season. Most parts of the north and some parts of the north central had rainfall amounts
exceeding 100mm. Surplus soil moisture conditions were observed in most parts of the country exception for few
areas like the southwest that had deficits. Most parts of the country had normal temperatures while warmer than
normal temperatures have persisted along Nguru, Maiduguri, Ogoja, Asaba and Portharcourt. Areas in and
around Jos, Shaki, Iseyin and Osogbo were colder than normal. Temperatures below 32 Deg C were recorded in
all parts of the country. Harvest of maize, cassava, fruity vegetables and new yams remained the dominant field
activity during the dekad.
The actual rainfall received across the country is shown in
Fig 2 and reveals that most parts of the country had over
30mm of rain except areas in and around Southwest (due
to the little dry season) Umuahia, Ibi and Warri which had
below 30mm. The highest rainfall amounts were recorded
in Gombe, Calabar and Zaria with 202.9mm, 208.1mm
and 227.5mm respectively.
1.1 Rainfall Anomaly
14
KAT
SOK
KAN
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
LOK
SURPLUS
6
8
10
-140
-100
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 1: 2nd DEKAD OF AUGUST 2012 RAINFALL ANOMALIES (%)
OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED WITH
RESPECT TO THE 1971 - 2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
Fig 1 shows the rainfall anomaly over the country and
indicates that deficit rainfall anomalies were recorded in
parts of the north central, southsouth and southwest (red
areas). However most parts of the country have normal to
surplus anomalies.
1.2 Rainfall Amounts
14
KAT
GUS
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
BID
MIN
ABU
2
2
4
ACTUAL RAINFALL AMOUNT (mm)
6
8
10
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 2: ACTUAL RAINFALL AMOUNT FOR DEKAD 2, AUGUST 2012
ZARIA
NGURU
KANO
KADUNA
YELWA
GUSAU
KATSINA
YOLA
SOKOTO
GOMBE
MAIDUG
LAFIA
BAUCHI
MINNA
ABUJA
LOKOJA
POTISKUM
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
JOS
MAKURDI
OGJ
OBU
IKO
ENU
ASA
AWK
NORMAL
0
0
LEGEND
ACTUAL
LAF
IBI
MAK
200
4
50
YOL
LOK
WAR
100
JOS
150
6
150
GOM
10
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
8
BAU
50
10
100
YEL
LAT. (N)
NGU
KAN
200
BIDA
SOK
12
ACTUAL
250
IBI
4
WITH
Figs 3A & B below are the comparison of the actual
rainfall amount with normal rainfall values in some
selected stations across the south and the north of the
country. Both figures show that most stations in both
the north and south had below normal rainfall.
ILORIN
2
-60
NORMAL DEFICIT
2
1.3 COMPARISON OF NORMAL
RAINFALL FOR THE DEKAD
RAINFALL VALUES(mm)
LEGEND
-20
Normal defined by tolerance
of ± 20% departure
140
4
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
60
6
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
100
SHK
ISE
8
GOM
JOS
20
10
LAT. (N)
NGU
GUS
12
FIG. 3A: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALLOF DEKAD 2, AUG. 2012:
FOR NORTHERN AND CENTRAL STATES OF NIGERIA
southwest recorded deficits. The soil moisture across the
country generally supported crop growth and
development and made harvesting of root crops easier.
250
200
100
50
ACTUAL
NORMAL
Obudu
Uyo
Ikom
14
KAT
SOK
BAU
2
2
0
2
4
6
8
ACTUAL NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS
4
6
8
10
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 4: ACTUAL NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS FOR DEKAD 2, AUGUST 2012
The number of rain days across the country is shown
in Fig 4 and reveals that most parts of the country
had over 3-7 days of rainfall while the southwest had
less than 3 days of rain due to the little dry season.
The rainfall distribution was generally favourable for
crop development and supported crops that required
high spread of rains.
2.0 SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION
GUS
MAI
10
BID
MIN
ABU
SHK
ISE
8
LOK
2
4
SURPLUS
6
NEUTRAL
8
10
-140
-100
-60
By definition, the area between
± 20% is under Neutral / Normal
soil moisture condition
-20
140
180
LEGEND
2
LOK
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
30
4
YOL
MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (Deg. C)
6
8
10
12
14
FIG. 7: MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR DEKAD 2, AUGUST 2012
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
4
GOM
YOL
20
6
2
JOS
60
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
2
GOM
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
BAU
JOS
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
100
8
MAI
POT
LONG. (E)
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
SHK
ISE
NGU
KAN
ZAR
KAD
YEL
LEGEND
KAN
ZAR
KAD
10
LAT. (N)
GUS
NGU
POT
YEL
KAT
SOK
12
WAR
-180
12
14
14
4
KAT
12
3.2 Maximum Temperature Values
The actual mean maximum temperature distribution is
shown in Fig 7 below and reveals that all stations across
the country recorded temperatures below 32 Deg. The
dekad had temperatures that favoured crop development
and growth and as well as livestock performance.
6
14
SOK
COLDER
10
22
2
8
24
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
4
LEGEND
6
FIG. 6: 2nd DEKAD OF AUGUST 2012 MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
ANOMALIES (Deg. C) OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED
WITH RESPECT TO THE 1971 - 2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
4
LONG. (E)
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
LEGEND
WARMER NORMAL
2
YOL
ILO
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
6
JOS
LAT. (N)
SHK
ISE
8
4
GOM
26
BID
MIN
ABU
Normal defined by the tolerance
of ± 1.0 Deg. Celsius departure
MAI
28
ZAR
KAD
YEL
LAT. (N)
KAN
POT
10
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
1
GUS
LOK
WAR
NGU
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
GOM
JOS
-4
LAT. (N)
SHK
ISE
8
6
12
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
14
KAT
MAI
POT
10
SOK
KAN
ZAR
KAD
YEL
1.4 Number of Rain Days
NGU
GUS
12
-3
FIG. 3B: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALL OF DEKAD 2, OF AUG. 2012 :
SOUTHERN STATES OF NIGERIA
-2
Umuahia
Eket
Calabar
Portharc
Warri
Ogoja
Awka
Enugu
Owerri
Benin
Asaba
Usi-Ekiti
Ado-Ekiti
Ondo
Akure
Oshogbo
Shaki
Iseyin
Ijebu-Ode
Ikeja
Ibadan
Abeokuta
Oshodi
0
3.0 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE TREND
3.1 Maximum Temperature Anomaly
Fig 6 below shows the trend of maximum temperature
anomaly and indicates that most parts of the country were
normal. However, Nguru, Maiduguri, Ogoja, Asaba and
Portharcourt were warmer than normal while areas in and
around Jos, Shaki, Iseyin and Osogbo were colder.
-1
RAINFALL (MM)
150
DEFICIT
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 5: 2nd DEKAD OF AUGUST 2012 SOIL MOISTURE INDICES (%)
OVER THE COUNTRY.
The decadal distribution of soil moisture across the
country is shown in Fig 5 above and indicates that most
parts of the country (green areas) had normal to surplus
soil moisture conditions while areas in and around
4.0 WEATHER/AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK FOR
DEKAD 3 (21 TO 31), OF AUGUST 2012
4.1 Weather Outlook
ITD position is expected to oscillate between latitude 21.5
deg. N & 22 deg. N thereby placing both the extreme
northern and central part of the country under the
influence
of
cloudy
weather
conditions
thunderstorms activities during the period.
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 23, DEKAD 2 AUGUST (11-20) 2012
Page 2
with
The Inland and coastal part of the country are expected to
experience cloudy weather condition with localized rain
4.2 Agricultural
during the dekad.
Harvesting of maize and fruity vegetables was in progress
in parts of the south and north central.
It is expected that in parts of the south and north central,
harvest of maize, cassava, vegetables and new yam will
continue while the maturing of cereal crops such as
millet, sorghum and maize will continue in the north.
The expected mean maximum temperature in the North
and Central is between 26-290C and mean minimum
temperature expected to be 20-230C while in inland and
coastal states of the country mean maximum and
minimum temperature is expected to range between 24290C and21-240C respectively.
Activity/Outlook
TABLE OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE DEKAD
STATION
RAINFALL
RAINDAY
PET
TMAX
TMIN
DD
RAD
MINNA
51.4
5
39.9
28.2
19.6
ABEOK
15
2
37.3
28.9
21.9
174.3
16.1
NGURU
95.5
4
41.1
30.1
ABUJA
66
6
35.8
27.8
21.1
164.3
15.7
OGOJA
80.6
5
41.8
30.5
AKURE
17.8
5
35.5
27.5
20.9
161.9
15.7
ONDO
17.5
5
34.5
ASABA
77.3
6
40.8
30.2
22.1
181.3
17.4
OSHODI
0
0
AWKA
58.5
7
37
29.3
22.6
179.3
15.8
OSOGBO
42.5
4
OWERRI
75.2
BAUCHI
159.2
17.7
21.5
178
17.6
22.1
183.1
17.7
27.9
21.7
167.7
15
35.4
28.9
22.8
178.5
15.2
35.1
26.9
20.2
155.2
15.7
3
40.2
29.6
21.6
176
17.3
BENIN
19.8
3
35.9
28.5
21.9
172
15.6
PHC
80.8
4
42.5
30.7
22.2
184.5
18
BIDA
57.4
4
36.6
29.5
22.8
181.3
15.5
POT
95.8
7
38.4
29.1
21.4
172.2
16.6
208.1
5
34.9
28.9
23.1
180
14.9
SHAKI
30.3
4
32.8
25.6
19.3
144.4
14.9
CALABAR
EKET
46
5
28.4
27.5
23.6
175.7
12.2
SOKOTO
109.3
7
37.2
29.9
22.6
182.4
15.8
ENUGU
28.2
5
39
29.2
21.7
174.5
16.8
UMUAHIA
28.5
4
39.8
29.9
22.3
180.5
16.9
GOMBE
202.9
6
34.8
27.8
21.3
165.4
15.2
UYO
32.5
3
35.2
28.7
22.6
176.3
15.1
GUSAU
54.9
4
36.7
28.8
21.7
172.3
15.9
WARRI
17
6
38.5
29.9
22.8
183.7
16.3
IBADAN
20.5
2
34.7
27.2
20.8
159.8
15.4
YELWA
87.1
4
36.1
29.5
22.8
181.3
15.3
IJEBU
10.7
2
36
28.3
21.7
169.9
15.6
YOLA
47.5
4
35.8
29.7
23.1
184.1
15.1
IKEJA
0
0
35.7
28.6
22.3
174.5
15.4
ZARIA
227.5
6
36.3
27.2
20.0
156.1
16.2
IKOM
50.9
3
36.7
29.3
22.7
179.7
15.7
OBUDU
108.3
6
35.1
28.1
21.7
169
15.3
ILORIN
62.7
3
36.2
27.7
20.7
162.3
15.9
21.4
3
37.3
29.3
22.4
178.8
15.9
ISEYIN
47.8
6
34.5
26.2
19.6
149
15.6
IBI
ADOEKITI
16.7
5
34.3
26.8
20.4
155.8
15.3
39
7
32.1
22.9
16.3
115.9
15.5
USI-EKITI
18.2
2
KADUNA
103.2
8
36.1
27.2
20.1
156.9
16
CALARMA
54.2
5
33.3
28.6
23.2
178.8
14.2
KANO
188.8
6
39
28.8
20.8
167.8
17
KATSINA
96.3
5
42.9
29.4
19.4
163.9
18.8
LAFIA
89.5
7
35.6
29.2
23.0
180.6
15.1
LOKOJA
32.5
4
37.7
29.7
22.9
183.1
16
117.1
5
41.9
29.4
20.4
168.9
18.2
JOS
MAIDU
MAKURDI
Dear All,
Comments and suggestions on how to improve this publication are welcome. Agrometeorologists, Agriculturists, Extension
Workers, Research Officers, Users and the General Public should kindly send feedback to:
The Director-General/CEO,
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET),
33 Pope John Paul II Street, Maitama District,
PMB 615 Garki, Abuja.
E-mail: nimetagrometbulletin@yahoo.com; NIMET WEB SITE: www.nimetng.org
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 23, DEKAD 2 AUGUST (11-20) 2012
Page 3