NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY
33 POPE JOHN PAUL II STREET, MAITAMA DISTRICT,
P.M.B. 615, GARKI, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Agrometeorological Bulletin No.26, Dekad 2, September (11 – 20) 2012
SUMMARY
1.0 RAINFALL TREND
The 2nd dekad of September showed the intensification of rains in parts of the southwest after the little dry season
and the beginning of the end of rains in parts of the extreme north. However high intensity rains in parts of the
country resulted to flash floods and erosion which submerged roads, houses and farmlands. Surplus soil moisture
conditions were observed in most parts of the country except in few areas around Kano, Katsina, Nguru, and
Gusau where deficits were recorded. Most parts of the country had normal temperatures while warmer than
normal temperatures have persisted along the extreme north (Sokoto, Gusau, Katsina, Kano and Nguru).
However, areas in and around Jos and Eket were colder than normal. Harvest of millet and maize were the main
activities in the northern parts of the country
1.1 Rainfall Anomaly
14N
KAT
SOK
GUS
12N
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
-140
-100
-60
-20
Normal defined by tolerance
of ±20% departure. .
20
180
220
WAR
4N
YOL
LOK
100
6N
JOS
140
8N
GOM
LAF
IBI
MAK
60
10N
LAT (N)
NGU
KAN
LEGEND
SURPLUS
2N
2E
4E
6E
NORMAL
8E
10E
DEFICIT
12E
Fig 2 shows the distribution of the actual amounts of
rainfall measured across the country. This shows that
parts of the country had substantial rainfall except some
parts of the southwest and the extreme north which had
amounts below 40mm. However high intensity falls with
amounts exceeding 100mm were recorded in parts of the
south and north resulting to flash floods which submerged
roads, buildings and farmlands with disruption to both
vehicular and human traffic.
14E
LONG. (E)
FIG1. 2ND DEKAD OF SEPTEMBER 2012 RAINFALL ANOMALIES(%)
OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED WITH
RESPECT TO THE 1971-2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
Fig 1 above shows the rainfall anomaly over the country
and indicates that deficit rainfall anomalies were recorded
in the southwest and parts of the extreme north, (red
areas). However most parts of the country have normal to
surplus anomalies.
1.3 COMPARISON OF NORMAL
RAINFALL FOR THE DEKAD
FIG. 3A: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED
RAINFALL OF DEKAD 2, SEPT 2012: NORTHERN STATES
250
14N
200
KAT
GUS
ZAR
KAD
BID
MIN
ABU
LOK
ENU
ASA
AWK
LEGEND
2N
2E
4E
YOL
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
0
10
RAINFALL AMOUNT (mm)
6E
8E
150
100
50
0
20
4N
GOM
JOS
40
WAR
BAU
60
6N
SHK
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
80
8N
MAI
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
100
LAT. (N)
KAN
POT
YEL
10E
ACTUAL
NORMAL
NGU
RAINFALL VALUES(mm)
SOK
10N
ACTUAL
The comparison of the actual rainfall amount with normal
rainfall values during the dekad in most stations across
the north and south respectively is shown in Figs 3A and
B. Fig 3B reveals that stations such as Makurdi, Jos,
Minna, Bauchi, Gombe,Yola, Sokoto and Kaduna had
their rains higher than the long term average while in the
south, most atations had their actual rainfall lower than
normal.
1.2 Rainfall Amounts
12N
WITH
12E
14E
LONG. (E)
FIG.2: ACTUAL RAINFALL AMOUNT FOR DEKAD 2, SEPTEMBER 2012.
FIG. 3B: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALL
OF DEKAD 2, OF SEPTEMBER 2012 : SOUTHERN STATES
350
300
5 above and reveals that most part of the country had
normal to surplus soil moisture conditions except the
extreme north(Gusau, Katsina, Kano and Nguru) which
had deficit.
250
3.0 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE TREND
3.1 Maximum Temperature Anomaly
The trend of mean maximum temperature anomaly is
shown in Fig 6 below and indicates that most parts of the
country were normal. However, warmer than normal
temperatures were recorded in and around Sokoto, Gusau,
Katsina, Kano, Nguru, Potiskum and Maiduguri while
while areas in and around Jos and Eket were colder.
NORMAL
150
100
50
0
1.4 Number of Rain Days
14N
KAT
SOK
GUS
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
6N
YOL
LEGEND
WARMER
FIG.6: 2ND DEKAD OF SEPTEMBER, 2012 MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
ANOMALIES (Deg.C) OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED
WITH RESPECT TO THE 1971-2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS..
6E
4E
6E
8E
10E
12E
14E
0
2
LONG. (E)
NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS
4E
COLDER
NORMAL
2N
2E
LEGEND
2N
2E
Normal defined by the tolerance
of ±1.0 Deg. Celsius departure.
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
4
4N
2
4N
OGJ
OBU
IKO
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
6
6N
JOS
LOK
8
8N
GOM
-2
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
-1.5
ZAR
KAD
YEL
10N
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
8N
-1
MAI
POT
GOM
JOS
1.5
KAN
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
NGU
LAT. (N)
12N
LAT. (N)
10N
KAT
GUS
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
14N
SOK
NGU
KAN
-2.5
12N
1
RAINFALL (MM)
ACTUAL
200
8E
10E
12E
14E
LONG. (E)
FIG.4: ACTUAL NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS FOR DEKAD 2, SEPTEMBER 2012.
Fig 4 shows the distribution of number of rain days
across the country and shows that areas in and around
Kano and Nguru had less than 2 days of rain, while
the Niger Delta, the southeast and parts of the north
had over 6 days of rain.
3.2 Maximum Temperature Values
The actual mean maximum temperature distribution is
shown in Fig 7 below and reveals that most part of the
country had recorded temperatures below 32 Deg C,
while the extreme north had temperatures above 32 Deg
C. The rising temperatures in this area were due to
receding rains in the north.
14N
LEGEND
4E
OGJ
OBU
IKO By definition, the area between
OWE
±20% is under Neutral/Normal
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
soil moisture condition.
EKT
8E
10E
-140
-100
-60
-20
NEUTRAL
DEFICIT
12E
14E
4N
GOM
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
26
WAR
ENU
ASA
AWK
SURPLUS
6E
6N
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
BAU
JOS
28
YOL
20
4N
8N
JOS
LOK
140
WAR
GOM
LAF
IBI
MAK
60
SHK
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
BID
MIN
ABU
30
BID
MIN
ABU
ILO
100
LAT. (N)
10N
BAU
LAT. (N)
ZAR
KAD
YEL
2N
2E
10N
MAI
POT
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
NGU
KAN
NGU
KAN
34
GUS
12N
6N
GUS
YEL
KAT
SOK
8N
KAT
SOK
12N
14N
32
2.0 SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION
LEGEND
2N
2E
MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (Deg.C)
4E
6E
8E
10E
12E
14E
LONG. (E)
FIG.7: MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATUREFOR DEKAD 2, SEPTEMBER 2012
LONG. (E)
FIG.5: 2ND DEKAD OF SEPTEMBER, 2012 SOIL MOISTURE INDICES(%)
OVER THE COUNTRY.
The dekadal distribution of soil moisture is shown in Fig
4.0 WEATHER/AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK FOR
DEKAD 3 (21 TO 30), OF SEPTEMBER 2012
4.1 Weather Outlook
ITD position is expected to oscillate between latitude 16.5
deg. N & 17.5 deg. N thereby placing the northern parts
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 26, DEKAD 2 SEPTEMBER (11-21) 2012
Page 2
of the country under the influence of cloudy weather
conditions while the central part is expected to experience
cloudy weather conditions with localized thunderstorms
activities during the period.
The Inland and coastal part of the country are expected to
experience cloudy weather conditions with rains and
occasional thunderstorm activities during the dekad.
The expected mean maximum temperature in the extreme
north is between 33 and 350C and mean minimum
temperature expected to be from 25-270C while the
central states are expected to have a maximum
temperatures between 32 to 330c and minimum
temperatures between 21 to 250C.
In the inland and coastal states of the country mean
maximum and minimum temperatures are expected to
range between 29 and 320C and 20 and 220C
respectively.
4.2 Agricultural Activity/Outlook
Harvest of millet and maize continued in the extreme
northern part of the country wile planting of new maize
continued in the southern part of the country.
TABLE OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE DEKAD
RAINFAL
L
RAINDA
Y
ABEOKUTA
47.3
2
ABUJA
62.1
4
PE
T
42.
8
40.
1
AKURE
93.2
7
40
STATION
TMA
X
TMI
N
31.2
23.3
28.8
21
29.1
21.8
DD
192.
5
169
174.
6
RA
D
MINNA
17.8
NGURU
17.5
ONDO
17.2
ASABA
AWKA
90
9
224
7
138.8
7
53.5
3
CALABAR
163.5
8
EKET
222.8
5
ENUGU
179.5
8
GOMBE
97.2
4
GUSAU
33.6
3
BAUCHI
BENIN
BIDA
IBADAN
49.3
3
IJEBU
104.9
8
IKEJA
80.6
6
ILORIN
70.5
5
ISEYIN
85.3
5
JOS
98.9
7
139.2
5
KADUNA
KANO
41.
3
38.
9
37.
6
38.
3
34.
9
27.
5
43.
1
41.
4
45.
3
39.
9
38.
3
36.
3
39.
9
40.
2
34.
3
41.
3
45.
4
49.
7
0
0
KATSINA
22.7
4
LAFIA
92.7
5
52
4
41
41.
4
139.3
3
45.
2
LOKOJA
MAIDUGUR
I
MAKURDI
190.
7
165.
2
30.7
23.4
28.2
20.8
29.4
23.2
30.4
23.7
28.7
23.2
27.2
23.8
30.2
21.9
29.1
21.0
31.3
22.1
29.4
22.2
29.1
22.5
29.4
23.6
29.1
21.7
28.8
21.3
23.7
16.7
28.9
20.5
31.4
22.2
32.5
21.6
30.5
23.0
30.9
23.5
175
180.
3
170.
7
186.
7
177.
7
177.
8
184.
8
174.
2
170.
9
122.
3
167.
1
188.
3
190.
8
187.
5
192.
3
30.0
20.6
173.
3
183
190.
2
179.
8
17.3
115.2
6
4.1
1
38.2
6
OSHODI
17.3
4
OSOGBO
135.8
4
OWERRI
224.9
6
17
PHC
205.4
8
16
SHAKI
33.5
5
16.1
SOKOTO
55.5
4
14.9
UMUAHIA
98.1
7
11.9
UYO
108.5
7
18.4
WARRI
115.3
7
18
YELWA
19.1
YOLA
17
ZARIA
50.6
5
118.5
7
54.5
7
113.7
6
IBI
50.8
4
ADO-EKITI
17.3
7
USI-EKITI
59.6
4
CALARMA
74.6
8
16.4
OBUDU
15.3
17.2
17.4
16.3
43.
4
49.
3
37.
3
38.
3
37.
1
37.
9
37.
7
38.
7
46.
3
39.
7
34.
7
38.
1
41.
4
43.
3
37.
3
40.
1
39.
4
36.
7
35.
4
175.
3
204.
6
179.
3
190.
6
172.
4
181.
1
184.
1
146.
3
29.9
21.2
33.6
23.3
29.1
22.8
30.2
23.9
28.5
22.0
29.4
22.8
29.5
23.3
27.9
20.7
32.4
23.0
29.6
22.5
28.6
23.1
30.4
24.2
30.8
23.3
31.5
23.2
29.1
20.6
29.1
21.7
30.0
23.1
27.9
21.6
197
180.
2
178.
5
193.
3
190.
5
193.
4
168.
8
174.
2
185.
8
167.
4
29.2
23.7
184.
5
18.7
20.1
15.9
16
16
16.1
15.9
17
19.2
16.9
14.8
15.9
17.3
18
18.2
17.3
16.6
18
19.1
20.7
17.3
17.3
19.5
Dear All,
Comments and suggestions on how to improve this publication are welcome. Agrometeorologists, Agriculturists, Extension
Workers, Research Officers, Users and the General Public should kindly send feedback to:
The Director-General/CEO,
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET),
33 Pope John Paul II Street, Maitama District,
PMB 615 Garki, Abuja.
E-mail: nimetagrometbulletin@yahoo.com; NIMET WEB SITE: www.nimetng.org
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 26, DEKAD 2 SEPTEMBER (11-21) 2012
Page 3
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