NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY
33 POPE JOHN PAUL II STREET, MAITAMA DISTRICT,
P.M.B. 615, GARKI, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Agrometeorological Bulletin No.28, Dekad 1, October (1 –10) 2012
SUMMARY
1.0 RAINFALL TREND
Most part of the north was becoming drier in 1st dekad of October as the rain seized while the central and south
part of the country continued to received moderate to heavy rain across the country. The highest amounts of
rainfall were received in Uyo and Calabar with 247.1mm 182.3mm respectively. while lowest amounts were
received in Kano, Nguru and katsina with 0mm each. Harvest of millet and maize were the main activities in the
northern part of the country and planting of new maize in the southern part.
most parts of the north had rainfall amounts below
40mm. The southern part received rainfall 60mm and
above.
1.1 Rainfall Anomaly
14N
KAT
SOK
GUS
12N
ZAR
KAD
YEL
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
-140
-100
-60
0
140
4N
20
Normal defined by tolerance
of ±20% departure.
WAR
60
6N
YOL
ILO
SHK
ISE
8N
GOM
JOS
100
LAT. (N)
MAI
POT
10N
1.3 COMPARISON OF NORMAL
RAINFALL FOR THE DEKAD
NGU
KAN
LEGEND
SURPLUS
2N
2E
4E
6E
NORMAL
8E
10E
WITH
ACTUAL
The comparison of the actual rainfall amount with normal
rainfall values during the dekad in most stations across
the north and south respectively is shown in Figs 3A and
B. Fig 3A reveals that most stations in the north had their
rainfall higher than the long term average. while the
southern part had their actual rainfall lower than normal
in most cases.
DEFICIT
12E
14E
160
LONG. (E)
FIG.1: 1ST DEKAD OF OCTOBER, 2012 RAINFALL ANOMALIES(%)
OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED WITH
RESPECT TO THE 1971-2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
120
RAINFALL VALUES(mm)
Fig 1 shows the rainfall anomaly over the country and
indicates that deficit rainfall anomalies were recorded in
most parts of the country and except some part of
northwest around Sokoto area and some part of central
states and South-south which had normal to surplus
anomalies.
140
100
80
60
40
ACTUAL
20
NORMAL
0
1.2 Rainfall Amounts
FIG. 3A: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALLOF DEKAD 1, OCTOBER
2012: FOR NORTHERN AND CENTRAL STATES OF NIGERIA
14N
KAT
GUS
BID
MIN
ABU
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
0
80
4N
200
ENU
ASA
AWK
100
WAR
YOL
20
6N
250
GOM
40
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
8N
BAU
JOS
60
10N
300
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
LAT.
NGU
KAN
LEGEND
RAINFALL (MM)
SOK
12N
150
100
ACTUAL
50
RAINFALL AMOUNT (mm)
2N
2E
4E
6E
8E
10E
12E
NORMAL
14E
LONG. (E)
0
FIG.2: ACTUAL RAINFALL AMOUNT FOR DEKAD 1, OCTOBER 2012
Fig 2 shows the distribution of the actual amount of
rainfall measured across the country. This showed that
FIG. 3B: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALL OF DEKAD 1, OF OCTOBER
2012 : SOUTHERN STATES OF NIGERIA
1.4 Number of Rain Days
14N
KAT
SOK
14N
KAT
6N
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
4N
NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS
4E
6E
8E
ENU
ASA
AWK
10E
OGJ
OBU
IKO
Normal defined by tolerance
of ±1.0 Deg.Celsius departure.
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
0
LEGEND
2N
2E
LOK
WAR
2
8
4N
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
-2.5
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
-2
OGJ
OBU
IKO
6
6N
LOK
4
SHK
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
8N
SHK
ISE
8N
-1.5
YOL
1
JOS
LAF
IBI
MAK
GOM
JOS
2
BID
MIN
ABU
ILO
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
GOM
1.5
10N
BAU
-1
MAI
POT
10N
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
ZAR
KAD
YEL
NGU
KAN
NGU
KAN
2.5
GUS
LAT. (N)
SOK
12N
LAT. (N)
GUS
12N
LEGEND
12E
14E
WARMER
LONG. (E)
2N
2E
FIG.4: ACTUAL NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS FOR DEKAD 1, OCTOBER 2012
Fig 4 shows the distribution of number of rain days
across the country. Most part of north had number of
rain days below 4 days, while the north central and
most part of the south had between 6 to 8 number of
rain days.
2.0 SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION
4E
6E
NORMAL
8E
10E
COLDER
12E
14E
LONG. (E)
FIG.6: IST DEKAD OF OCTOBER, 2012 MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
ANOMALIES (Deg.C) OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED
WITH RESPECT TO THE 1971-2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
3.2 Maximum Temperature Values
The actual mean maximum temperature distribution is
shown in Fig 7 below and reveals that most part of the
country had recorded temperatures below 32 Deg C,
While most part of the north had temperatures above 32
Deg C, that favoured crops harvesting in the area..
14N
KAT
GUS
ZAR
KAD
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
LOK
DEFICIT
14E
LONG. (E)
FIG.5: 1ST DEKAD OF OCTOBER, 2012 SOIL MOISTURE INDICES(%)
OVER THE COUNTRY.
4N
26
12E
28
10E
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
NEUTRAL
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
GOM
30
8E
SHK
ISE
BAU
32
6E
MAI
JOS
36
-140
-100
-60
-20
0
20
6N
SURPLUS
4E
8N
BID
MIN
ABU
34
10N
LEGEND
2N
2E
ZAR
KAD
YEL
OGJ
OBU
IKO
By definition the area between
OWE
±20% is under Neutral/Normal
UMU
UYO
CAL
soil moisture conditions.
PHC
EKT
60
140
4N
NGU
KAN
POT
YOL
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
GUS
JOS
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
KAT
SOK
12N
GOM
38
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
100
LAT. (N)
10N
6N
14N
MAI
POT
YEL
8N
NGU
KAN
LAT. (N)
SOK
12N
LEGEND
MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (Deg.C)
2N
2E
4E
6E
8E
10E
12E
14E
LONG. (E)
The dekadal distribution of soil moisture indices is shown
in Fig 5 below. Most part of the north was under the
deficit soil moisture conditions while the central and
southern part of the country was under neutral and
surplus soil moisture indices.
3.0 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE TREND
3.1 Maximum Temperature Anomaly
The trend of maximum temperature anomaly is shown in
Fig 6 below and indicates that most parts of the country
were normal. However, warmer than normal temperatures
have persisted in most part of the north, while areas in
and around Jos, Eket and shaki were colder.
FIG.7: MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR DEKAD 1, OCTOBER 2012
4.0 WEATHER/AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK FOR
DEKAD 1 (1 TO 10), OF OCTOBER 2012
4.1 Weather Outlook
ITD position is expected to be between latitude 12 deg. N
& 13.5 deg. N the extreme northern part of the country is
expected to have cloudy to sunny weather conditions
while the central part is expected to experience cloudy
weather conditions with localized thunderstorms activities
during the period.
The Inland and coastal part of the country are expected to
experience cloudy weather condition with
thundery
activities during the dekad.
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 28, DEKAD 1 OCTOBER (1-10) 2012
Page 2
The expected mean maximum temperature in the extreme
north is between 34-360C and mean minimum
temperature expected to be 24-260C while the central
states are expected to have a maximum temperature
between 32-340c and minimum temperature between 22250C. In the inland and coastal states of the country mean
maximum and minimum temperature is expected to range
between 29-320C and20-220C respectively.
4.2 Agricultural Activity/Outlook
As rainy season comes to an end in the northern part of
the country harvesting of crops is expected to continue up
to the end of the month.
TABLE OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE DEKAD
STATION
RAINFALL
RAINDAY
PET
TMAX
TMIN
ABEOK
145.9
7
45.5
31.6
22.8
ABUJA
84.1
7
44.5
30.1
21.1
AKURE
18.1
5
42.9
30.1
21.8
AWKA
52.3
7
42.7
30.7
BAUCHI
13.4
2
46.4
BENIN
72.7
7
BIDA
47.8
5
CALABAR
182.3
EKET
DD
RAD
NGURU
0
0
58.3
37.2
23.8
224.8
23
192
19
OGOJA
159.6
8
44.2
30.8
22.3
185.7
18.7
175.9
19.2
ONDO
59.9
5
42.3
30.4
22.7
185.5
17.9
179.3
18.3
OSHODI
66.6
4
42.6
30.9
23.0
189.5
17.8
OSOGBO
10.9
3
41.6
29.9
22.2
180.4
17.7
22.8
187.3
18
OWERRI
60.4
6
40.7
30.1
22.8
184.2
17.2
31.5
22.0
187.1
19.5
PHC
128.7
4
41.9
30.4
22.7
185.5
17.7
38.1
29.9
23.1
184.8
16.1
POT
0
0
53.2
34.4
22.6
205
21.7
43.7
31.6
23.4
195.1
18.2
SHAKI
22.8
4
40.5
28.6
21.0
168.1
17.7
7
38.1
29.8
23.5
186.7
16
SOKOTO
43.6
3
51.7
34.5
23.5
210
20.9
UMUAHIA
ASABA
101.7
5
30.5
28.3
24.2
182.3
13
ENUGU
97.6
9
42.6
29.6
21.2
174
18.3
UYO
GOMBE
24.8
2
45
31.3
22.5
188.8
18.9
GUSAU
13.2
2
49.6
33.4
23.0
202
IBADAN
75.1
6
43.6
30.4
22.0
IJEBU
32.3
4
42
30.0
22.1
IKEJA
76.3
4
41.1
30.5
IKOM
68.8
7
44.6
ILORIN
57.9
4
42
ISEYIN
27.7
8
5.2
JOS
KADUNA
KANO
KATSINA
94.1
8
42.3
29.9
21.9
178.8
18.1
247.1
6
38.9
29.9
23.3
185.9
16.4
WARRI
94.1
8
42.2
30.7
23.0
188.7
17.7
20.4
YELWA
37.9
4
46.4
32.7
23.6
201.5
19.1
181.6
18.6
YOLA
180.6
17.9
ZARIA
23.2
188.9
17.2
OBUDU
31.0
22.5
187.5
18.7
29.8
21.9
178.6
18
IBI
ADOEKITI
43.1
29.4
21.5
176.6
18.5
USI-EKITI
2
44.8
27.5
17.1
142.7
20.5
CALARMA
24.2
2
47.7
31.0
20.7
178.8
20.4
0
0
55
35.7
23.6
216.6
22
0
0
54.5
35.1
22.8
209.1
22.1
LAFIA
65.2
6
44.1
31.0
22.6
187.8
18.5
LOKOJA
77.1
5
38.5
29.7
23.1
184.1
16.3
MAIDU
MAKURDI
MINNA
3.4
1
53.6
35.6
24.2
218.5
21.4
91.2
7
45.4
29.6
20.0
168
19.8
101.4
6
42.4
30.6
22.7
186.3
17.9
0
0
49.7
32.1
21.2
186.3
21
79.5
9
42.6
29.9
21.8
178.5
15.2
144.8
7
43.1
30.2
22.0
180.8
18.3
42.4
5
42.6
29.9
21.9
179
18.2
78.3
7
39.3
30.6
24.1
193.8
16.3
Dear All,
Comments and suggestions on how to improve this publication are welcome. Agrometeorologists, Agriculturists, Extension
Workers, Research Officers, Users and the General Public should kindly send feedback to:
The Director-General/CEO,
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET),
33 Pope John Paul II Street, Maitama District,
PMB 615 Garki, Abuja.
E-mail: nimetagrometbulletin@yahoo.com; NIMET WEB SITE: www.nimetng.org
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 28, DEKAD 1 OCTOBER (1-10) 2012
Page 3