NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY
33 POPE JOHN PAUL II STREET, MAITAMA DISTRICT,
P.M.B. 615, GARKI, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Agrometeorological Bulletin No.16, Dekad 1, June (1 – 10) 2012
SUMMARY
The 1st Dekad of June 2012 witnessed widespread rainfall activities across the country. Areas in and around the
north-western flank of the country, Potiskum and few areas in the Niger-delta had deficit rainfall anomalies while
the rest of the country had either normal or surplus rainfall anomalies. The north-western flank of the country, in
and around Potiskum had deficit soil moisture condition while greater parts had surplus. Sokoto, Katsina, Kano,
Nguru, Potiskum, Maiduguri and Yola, along the extreme north continued to experience warmer than normal
temperatures while Jos and Shaki remained colder. The south and parts of the north central recorded
temperatures below 32 Deg C while the extreme north were above 32 Deg C. The rains in parts of the extreme
north were signals for onset of growing season, and farmers in these areas had commenced planting. Field crops
and livestock are doing well with harvest of early maize and vegetables in the south.
1.0 RAINFALL TREND
1.1 Rainfall Anomaly
With significant rains, farmers in the extreme north had
commenced land preparation and planting as the growing
season sets in. Rainfall activities supported rainfed
farming.
14
KAT
KAN
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
YOL
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
SURPLUS
4
6
-140
-100
-60
-20
Normal defined by tolerance
of ± 20% departure
180
LEGEND
2
220
4
1.3 COMPARISON OF NORMAL
RAINFALL FOR THE DEKAD
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
2
JOS
20
6
GOM
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
100
8
ILO
140
SHK
ISE
60
10
LAT. (N)
NGU
GUS
NORMAL DEFICIT
8
10
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 1: 1st DEKAD OF JUNE 2012 RAINFALL ANOMALIES (%)
OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED WITH
RESPECT TO THE 1971 - 2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
The rainfall anomaly during the dekad is shown in Fig 1
above and indicates that areas in and around the northwestern flank of the country, Potiskum and few areas in
the Niger-delta had deficits while greater parts of the
country had surpluses (the green areas). Other areas were
under normal condition.
1.2 Rainfall Amounts
ACTUAL
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
14
BID
MIN
ABU
POTISKUM
ZARIA
NGURU
KANO
KADUNA
YELWA
GUSAU
KATSINA
YOLA
SOKOTO
GOMBE
MAIDUG
LAFIA
BAUCHI
MINNA
ABUJA
JOS
BIDA
250
0
20
4
LEGEND
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
220
WAR
60
6
LOK
100
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
FIG. 3A: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALLOF DEKAD 1, JUNE 2012:
FOR NORTHERN AND CENTRAL STATES OF NIGERIA
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
140
8
GOM
JOS
180
SHK
ISE
BAU
LOKOJA
ZAR
KAD
YEL
10
NORMAL
MAI
POT
IBI
KAN
MAKURDI
GUS
12
ACTUAL
0
NGU
ILORIN
KAT
SOK
LAT. (N)
WITH
Figs 3A & 3B below are comparison of the actual dekad
rainfall with normal rainfall amounts in some selected
stations across the north and south respectively. Both
figures show that most stations in the north and the south
were below normal rainfall amount during the
dekad.
RAINFALL VALUES(mm)
SOK
12
200
RAINFALL AMOUNT (mm)
2
14
100
50
ACTUAL
NORMAL
Ikom
Obudu
Uyo
Calabar
Portharc
Umuahia
Eket
Ogoja
Warri
Enugu
Owerri
Awka
Asaba
Benin
Usi-Ekiti
Ado-Ekiti
Ondo
Oshogbo
Akure
0
Ijebu-Ode
Fig 2 shows the rainfall recorded across the country and
reveals that most parts of the country received over 20mm
of rainfall except parts of Gusau, Potiskum, Maiduguri
and Yelwa which recorded less. However, areas such as
Enugu, Awka, Asaba, Benin, Ogoja, Ikom, Obudu, Uyo,
Calabar and Eket recorded rainfall of 100mm and above.
150
Shaki
LONG. (E)
FIG. 2: ACTUAL RAINFALL AMOUNT FOR DEKAD 1, JUNE 2012
Iseyin
12
Ibadan
10
Ikeja
8
Oshodi
6
Abeokuta
4
RAINFALL (MM)
2
FIG. 3B: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALL OF DEKAD 1, OF JUNE 2012 :
SOUTHERN STATES OF NIGERIA
1.4 Number of Rain Days
14
KAT
SOK
NGU
14
GUS
MAI
2
2
NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS
10
8
LONG. (E)
Fig 4 shows the number of rain days across the
country and reveals that most stations in the south
had 4 – 9 raindays and in the north 2 - 6 raindays
except Potiskum that had 1 rain-day. The
distributions favoured rainfed farming except for
drying of produce and crops that required much
sunlight.
KAT
SOK
GUS
12
LEGEND
2
2
4
8
-140
-60
-20
20
60
NEUTRAL DEFICIT
SURPLUS
6
10
12
LEGEND
2
2
4
-2.5
JOS
YOL
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
36
4
LOK
34
WAR
By definition, the area between
± 20% is under Neutral / Normal
soil moisture condition
MAI
GOM
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
6
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
140
220
4
8
YOL
ENU
ASA
AWK
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
SHK
ISE
JOS
LOK
WAR
GOM
LAF
IBI
MAK
180
6
10
LAT. (N)
BID
MIN
ABU
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
8
100
10
LAT. (N)
MAI
POT
BAU
ZAR
KAD
YEL
KAN
ZAR
KAD
YEL
NGU
KAN
POT
NGU
-100
12
-2
14
14
GUS
14
3.2 Maximum Temperature Values
Fig 7 shows the actual mean maximum temperatures
distribution and reveals that the south and parts of the
north central recorded temperatures below 32 Deg C
while the extreme north, especially the north-east had
above 32 Deg C. With the advent of rains across the
north, only Nguru reported temperatures above 36 Deg C.
2.0 SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION
SOK
12
FIG. 6: 1st DEKAD OF JUNE 2012 MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
ANOMALIES (Deg. C) OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED
WITH RESPECT TO THE 1971 - 2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
14
FIG. 4: ACTUAL NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS FOR DEKAD 1, JUNE 2012
KAT
10
LONG. (E)
12
26
8
28
6
30
4
6
32
2
4
Normal defined by the tolerance
of ± 1.0 Deg. Celsius departure
WARMER NORMAL COLDER
0
2
LEGEND
6
8
LEGEND
4
-1.5
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
4
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
2.5
ENU
ASA
AWK
LOK
-1
6
OGJ
OBU
IKO
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
1
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
WAR
2
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
8
GOM
JOS
1.5
YOL
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
3
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
6
JOS
ILO
SHK
ISE
8
LAT. (N)
BID
MIN
ABU
10
GOM
4
10
BAU
2
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
LAT. (N)
KAN
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
GUS
12
KAN
NGU
-3
12
KAT
SOK
MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (Deg.C)
6
8
10
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 7: MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR DEKAD 1, JUNE 2012 `
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 5: 1st DEKAD OF JUNE 2012 SOIL MOISTURE INDICES (%)
OVER THE COUNTRY.
Fig 5 shows the decadal distribution of soil moisture
across the country and indicates that the north-western
flank of the country and in and around Potiskum had
deficit soil moisture condition while greater parts of the
country had surplus. The dekad recorded increased soil
moisture across the country that supported rainfed
agriculture for optimum crop growth and development.
3.0 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE TREND
3.1 Maximum Temperature Anomaly
The trend of maximum temperature anomaly over the
country is shown in Fig 6 and indicates that warmer than
normal temperatures have persisted along the extreme
north (Sokoto, Katsina, Kano, Nguru, Potiskum and
Maiduguri) while colder than normal temperatures
continued to be recorded in areas in and around Jos and
Shaki. The greater part of the country remained normal
with no significant change when compared with the
normal temperatures.
4.0 WEATHER/AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK FOR
DEKAD 2 (11 TO 20), OF JUNE 2012
4.1 Weather Outlook
The ITD position is still expected to be above the country
where the tip is touching the fringe of Chad, placing the
extreme North under the influence of cloudy weather
conditions and occasional thunderstorms activities (i.e.
the Eastern part of the extreme north). The Central states
are expected to experience cloudy weather as well as
thunderstorm activities.
The Inland and coastal parts of the country are expected
to be cloudy with rains / thunderstorms during the period.
The expected mean maximum temperature for the
extreme Northern part of the country ranges between 30
and 36 deg C while the mean minimum temperature
ranges from 21 to 27 deg C.
The expected mean maximum temperature for Central
part of the country ranges between 29 and 33 deg C while
the mean minimum temperatures will range from 20 to
25 deg C.
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 16, DEKAD 1, JUNE (1-10) 2012
Page 2
For Inland and coastal areas of the country, maximum
temperature will range from 27 to 32 deg C., while mean
minimum temperature ranges between 20 and 24 deg C
during the period.
4.2 Agricultural Activity/Outlook
Planting of staple food crops continued in parts of the
north central while in the extreme north, clearing of
farmlands and planting are in progress. In parts of the
south, harvest of early maize and vegetables are in
progress
Farmers in the extreme north who had not started planting
of new crops should do so as the onset had commenced.
TABLE OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE DEKAD
STATION
RAINFALL
RAINDAY
PET
TMAX
TMIN
DD
35
4
41.4
30.7
20.9
177.9
17.7
ABEOK
57.5
5
41.4
32.3
23.4
198.8
17
ABUJA
42.2
3
38.2
30.7
22.8
187.4
16.1
NGURU
66.1
4
50.5
36.9
24.4
226.3
19.9
OGOJA
202.4
5
42.7
32.2
22.7
194
AKURE
36.1
3
43.2
30.3
21.7
179.8
17.8
18.4
ONDO
63.6
3
37.7
30.5
22.8
186.6
15.9
ASABA
135.7
6
42
32.2
22.9
AWKA
142.3
6
42.2
32.1
22.8
195.2
17.4
OSHODI
32.1
4
38.6
31.5
23.8
196.4
16
194.3
17.5
OSOGBO
51.7
5
39.5
30.3
21.6
179.5
16.9
38.9
4
42.2
32.9
23.7
202.7
17.3
OWERRI
57.8
5
39.5
30.7
22.3
185
16.7
124.3
7
38.9
28.8
3
39.1
30.5
22.4
184.3
16.4
PHC
22.1
3
39.7
31.3
22.9
191.1
16.6
31.8
23.7
197.1
16.2
POT
2.4
1
46.8
35.6
24.8
222.2
CALABAR
118.7
7
18.6
38.7
31.6
23.8
197
16
SHAKI
41.6
3
37.7
29.4
21.3
173.5
EKET
236.5
7
16.3
31.1
29.6
24.5
190.4
13
SOKOTO
31.7
2
42.6
34.4
25.0
217
17
ENUGU
108.9
GOMBE
59.1
6
42
31.3
21.8
185.8
17.8
UMUAHIA
16.2
3
43.1
33.1
23.5
203.3
17.6
UYO
GUSAU
11.9
4
42.6
32.8
23.1
199.2
17.6
WARRI
IBADAN
81.5
4
38.4
30.3
22.3
182.9
16.3
YELWA
IJEBU
99.4
5
38.1
30.6
22.7
186.7
16
YOLA
IKEJA
92.7
6
37.8
30.8
23.1
189.4
15.8
ZARIA
IKOM
BAUCHI
BENIN
BIDA
RAD
MINNA
65.6
4
38.6
30.7
22.7
187
137.6
4
35.9
30.4
23.6
189.9
15
89.9
6
40.7
32.0
23.5
197.5
16.8
2
1
38
32.4
24.6
204.9
15.5
74.5
6
44.4
34.0
24.0
209.9
18
49.5
6
42.1
31.0
21.0
180.1
18
145.1
6
41.9
31.9
22.7
193.1
17.5
OBUDU
131.9
6
40.3
31.0
22.2
185.9
17
ILORIN
47.4
4
39.2
30.5
22.0
182.7
16.6
47.2
3
40.9
32.0
23.3
196.7
16.9
ISEYIN
25.9
4
38.3
29.8
21.6
177
16.4
IBI
ADOEKITI
65.1
5
39.1
16.8
JOS
74.7
4
38.5
27.1
17.5
143.2
17.6
USI-EKITI
58.7
3
-
KADUNA
42.5
4
41.5
31.0
21.4
181.8
17.6
CALARMA
67
8
33.3
KANO
58.7
3
47.9
35.3
23.7
215.2
19.2
KATSINA
51
2
45
34.2
23.7
209.9
18.2
LAFIA
73.2
3
41.5
32.5
23.6
200.6
17.1
LOKOJA
65.5
3
39.8
32.1
24.0
200.5
16.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
68.5
3
36.7
31.5
24.4
199.6
15.1
MAIDU
MAKURDI
29.7
30.2
21.1
173.9
-
-
-
24.3
192.7
13.9
Dear All,
Comments and suggestions on how to improve this publication are welcome. Agrometeorologists, Agriculturists, Extension
Workers, Research Officers, Users and the General Public should kindly send feedback to:
The Director-General/CEO,
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET),
33 Pope John Paul II Street, Maitama District,
PMB 615 Garki, Abuja.
E-mail: nimetagrometbulletin@yahoo.com; NIMET WEB SITE: www.nimetng.org
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 16, DEKAD 1, JUNE (1-10) 2012
Page 3