NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY
33 POPE JOHN PAUL II STREET, MAITAMA DISTRICT,
P.M.B. 615, GARKI, ABUJA, NIGERIA
Agrometeorological Bulletin No.25, Dekad 1, September (1 – 10) 2012
SUMMARY
1.0 RAINFALL TREND
The 1st dekad of September witnessed moderate to heavy rains across the country with Calabar, Uyo, Ogoja and
Calabar-Marine recording 224.4mm, 234.9mm, 247.2mm and 293.4mm of rainfall respectectively. Most parts of
the south and some parts of the north central had rainfall amounts exceeding 100mm. Surplus soil moisture
conditions were observed in most parts of the country exception for few areas in the southwest, Yola and Sokoto
which had deficits. Most parts of the country had normal temperatures while warmer than normal temperatures
have persisted along the extreme north (Sokoto, Katsina, Nguru, Kano, Maiduguri and Abeokuta). Areas in and
around Jos and Shaki were colder than normal. Temperatures below 32 Deg C were recorded in all parts of the
country. Harvest of maize, cassava, fruity vegetables and new yams remained the dominant field activity during the
dekad.
1.1 Rainfall Anomaly
14
KAT
SOK
KAN
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
YOL
LOK
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
LEGEND
2
4
-140
-100
-60
20
140
180
4
-20
Normal defined by tolerance
of ± 20% departure
WAR
2
JOS
100
6
GOM
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
SHK
ISE
8
60
10
LAT. (N)
NGU
GUS
12
SURPLUS
NORMAL DEFICIT
6
10
8
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 1: 1st DEKAD OF SEPTEMBER 2012 RAINFALL ANOMALIES (%)
OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED WITH
RESPECT TO THE 1971 - 2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
Fig 1 shows the rainfall anomaly over the country and
indicates that deficit rainfall anomalies were recorded in
parts of the southwest, sokoto and Yola (red areas).
However most parts of the country have normal to surplus
anomalies.
1.2 Rainfall Amounts
Fig 2 shows the distribution of the actual amount of
rainfall measured across the country. This shows that
parts of the southwest and areas in and around Sokoto had
rainfall amounts of below 35mm. The Niger Delta area,
parts of the north central and northwest had rainfall
amounts exceeding 100mm with concomitant flooding
and erosion. The light green areas covering most parts of
country had rainfall amounts of between 50mm to
100mm.
1.3 COMPARISON OF NORMAL
RAINFALL FOR THE DEKAD
WITH
ACTUAL
The comparison of the actual rainfall amount with normal
rainfall values during the dekad in most stations across
the north and south respectively is shown in Figs 3A and
B. Fig 3B reveals that most stations in the south had their
rainfall lower than the long term average while the
northern stations such as Makurdi, Minna, Abuja,Bauchi,
Yelwa, Kano, Kaduna, Zaria and Nguru had higher than
normal rainfall.
14
KAT
180
MAI
POT
FIG. 2: ACTUAL RAINFALL AMOUNT FOR DEKAD 1, SEPTEMBER 2012
POTISKUM
ZARIA
NGURU
KANO
KADUNA
YOLA
LAFIA
MINNA
YELWA
14
GUSAU
12
NORMAL
KATSINA
10
0
SOKOTO
8
LONG. (E)
ACTUAL
GOMBE
6
20
MAIDUG
4
40
BAUCHI
2
60
ABUJA
ACTUAL RAINFALL AMOUNT (mm)
2
80
LOKOJA
LEGEND
100
JOS
0
10
30
50
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
100
250
4
OGJ
OBU
IKO
120
BIDA
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
YOL
IBI
LOK
200
6
JOS
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
SHK
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
140
GOM
ILORIN
BID
MIN
ABU
BAU
150
10
8
160
ZAR
KAD
YEL
LAT. (N)
200
NGU
KAN
MAKURDI
GUS
RAINFALL VALUES(mm)
SOK
12
FIG. 3A: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALLOF DEKAD 1, SEPT. 2012:
FOR NORTHERN AND CENTRAL STATES OF NIGERIA
The decadal distribution of soil moisture indices is shown
in Fig 5 below. The entire country was under the
influence of surplus soil moisture conditions with few
stations (parts of southwest and Sokoto) indicating deficit
moisture. It made harvesting of root crops easier.
300
250
RAINFALL (MM)
200
150
100
ACTUAL
50
NORMAL
Obudu
Uyo
Ikom
Umuahia
Eket
Calabar
Portharc
Warri
Ogoja
Awka
Enugu
Owerri
Benin
Asaba
Usi-Ekiti
Ado-Ekiti
Ondo
Akure
Oshogbo
Shaki
Iseyin
Ijebu-Ode
Ikeja
Ibadan
Abeokuta
Oshodi
0
3.0 MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE TREND
3.1 Maximum Temperature Anomaly
The trend of maximum temperature anomaly is shown in
Fig 6 below and indicates that most parts of the country
were normal. However, warmer than normal temperatures
have persisted in areas such as Sokoto, Katsina, Nguru,
Kano, Maiduguri, and Abeokuta while areas in and
around Jos and Shaki were colder.
FIG. 3B: COMPARISON OF NORMAL WITH OBSERVED RAINFALL OF DEKAD 1, OF SEPT. 2012 :
SOUTHERN STATES OF NIGERIA
14
KAT
GUS
12
LOK
LEGEND
0
2
4
10
4
LEGEND
4
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
2
ACTUAL NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS
2
4
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
4
6
8
10
12
Normal defined by the tolerance
of ± 1.0 Deg. Celsius departure
WARMER NORMAL
6
8
2
2
OGJ
OBU
IKO
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
OGJ
OBU
IKO
ENU
ASA
AWK
WAR
6
LOK
-3
LAF
IBI
MAK
6
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
6
YOL
ILO
SHK
ISE
8
8
GOM
JOS
8
LAT. (N)
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
YOL
LAF
IBI
MAK
2
ZAR
KAD
YEL
10
SHK ILO
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
-2
MAI
POT
GOM
JOS
1
KAN
LAT. (N)
GUS
12
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
NGU
-1
10
KAT
SOK
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
14
NGU
KAN
-4
SOK
1.4 Number of Rain Days
COLDER
10
12
14
LONG. (E)
14
FIG. 6: 1st DEKAD OF SEPTEMBER 2012 MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
ANOMALIES (Deg. C) OVER THE COUNTRY. ANOMALIES ARE COMPUTED
WITH RESPECT TO THE 1971 - 2000 BASE PERIOD DECADAL MEANS.
LONG.(E)
FIG. 4: ACTUAL NUMBER OF RAIN DAYS FOR DEKAD 1, SEPTEMBER 2012
Fig 4 shows the distribution of number of rain days
across the country. The highest number of rain days
of over 6 days was recorded around the southeast,
Niger Delta and extending towards the central half of
the country (Deep green areas). Most parts of the
southwest and the extreme north had 3-6 days of rain
while parts of Ikeja, Oshodi and Usi-Ekiti areas had
less than 3 days of rain.
3.2 Maximum Temperature Values
The actual mean maximum temperature distribution is
shown in Fig 7 below and reveals that all stations across
the country recorded temperatures below 32 Deg C. The
dekad had temperatures that favoured crop development
and growth and as well as livestock performance.
14
KAT
SOK
GUS
12
ZAR
KAD
10
MAI
POT
ZAR
KAD
YEL
BAU
BID
MIN
ABU
SHK
ISE OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
6
GOM
YOL
6
WAR
4
By definition, the area between
OWE
± 20% is under Neutral / Normal
UMU
UYO
CAL soil moisture condition
PHC
2
4
SURPLUS
6
8
-140
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
140
180
LEGEND
LOK
YOL
OGJ
OBU
IKO
OWE
UMU
UYO
CAL
PHC
EKT
ENU
ASA
AWK
LEGEND
OGJ
OBU
IKO
ENU
ASA
AWK
EKT
2
OSG
IBA
Ado
AKU
ABE
OND
IJE
IKE
OSD
BEN
JOS
LAF
IBI
MAK
ILO
LAF
IBI
MAK
LOK
WAR
4
8
JOS
ILO
8
BID
MIN
ABU
SHK
ISE
30
10
LAT. (N)
NGU
KAN
GOM
26
GUS
LAT. (N)
SOK
BAU
28
YEL
12
MAI
POT
14
KAT
NGU
KAN
24
2.0 SOIL MOISTURE CONDITION
MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (Deg. C)
2
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 7: MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR DEKAD 1, SEPTEMBER 2012
NEUTRAL DEFICIT
10
12
14
LONG. (E)
FIG. 5: 1st DEKAD OF SEPTEMBER 2012 SOIL MOISTURE INDICES (%)
OVER THE COUNTRY.
4.0 WEATHER/AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK FOR
DEKAD 2 (11 TO 20), OF SEPTEMBER 2012
4.1 Weather Outlook
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 25, DEKAD 1 SEPTEMBER (1-10) 2012
Page 2
ITD position is expected to oscillate between latitude 18
deg. N & 19 deg. N thereby placing both the extreme
northern and central part of the country under the
influence of cloudy weather conditions with localized
thunderstorms activities during the period.
The Inland and coastal part of the country are expected to
experience cloudy weather condition with localized rain
during the dekad.
The expected mean maximum temperature in the North
and Central is between 27-310C and mean minimum
temperature expected to be 20-240C while in inland and
coastal states of the country mean maximum and
minimum temperature is expected to range between 27290C and22-240C respectively.
4.2 Agricultural Activity/Outlook
Harvest of new yams, maize, fruits, leafy vegetables and
(cassava of the previous year’s cropping) continued in the
southern parts of the country.
The north will continue to experience increased farming
activities due to rainfall intensification.
TABLE OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE DEKAD
STATION
RAINFALL
RAINDAY
PET
TMAX
TMIN
RAD
NGURU
110.3
3
46.1
31.7
21.5
186.2
19.3
ABEOK
9.9
2
42.3
30.8
23.0
189
17.7
OGOJA
247.2
8
40.8
30.0
22.4
181.7
17.4
ABUJA
142.4
8
37.1
27.7
20.9
163.1
16.3
ONDO
70.1
6
34.1
28.1
22.6
173.5
14.7
AKURE
47.9
7
34.8
27.5
21.6
165.5
15.2
OSHODI
2.5
1
37.9
30.2
23.9
190.7
15.8
ASABA
48.7
7
35.2
28.4
22.5
174.3
15.1
OSOGBO
8.1
4
36.2
28.1
21.9
170.2
15.7
AWKA
39.8
7
35.5
29.0
23.2
180.5
15.1
OWERRI
164
8
37.1
28.6
22.1
173.3
16
146.8
8
39.1
28.7
21.2
169.2
17
PHC
108.8
8
37.6
29.4
23.0
182.2
16
BENIN
62.6
8
35.2
28.7
22.8
177.5
15
POT
BIDA
59.8
8
39.1
29.9
22.9
183.8
16.6
SHAKI
89.5
5
35.8
27.0
20.6
158
15.9
224.4
8
32.4
28.0
23.0
174.8
13.9
SOKOTO
33.6
4
44.6
31.9
22.9
184.1
18.6
UMUAHIA
153.1
9
36.9
28.6
22.2
174.2
15.9
ENUGU
141.7
9
39.4
29.1
21.7
174
17
UYO
234.9
7
31.8
27.7
22.9
173.1
13.7
GOMBE
63.8
7
38.7
28.3
21.0
166.6
16.9
WARRI
145.4
8
36.4
29.5
23.6
185.4
15.4
GUSAU
50.9
5
41.9
30.1
21.9
180
17.9
YELWA
98.7
7
37.7
30.0
23.2
186.1
15.9
IBADAN
45.1
6
37.1
28.6
22.1
173.5
16
YOLA
50.7
5
39.6
30.4
23.3
188.3
16.6
IJEBU
18.5
3
38
29.5
22.9
181.5
16.2
ZARIA
131.2
7
39.2
27.9
20.0
159.4
17.4
IKEJA
9.2
1
35.2
29.4
23.7
185.5
14.9
OBUDU
IKOM
104
8
37.5
28.6
21.9
172.5
16.2
5
38.5
29.5
22.6
180.8
16.4
68.2
4
38.9
29.0
21.8
173.9
16.8
IBI
ADOEKITI
79.5
ILORIN
17.3
7
36.3
27.9
21.6
167.4
15.9
38.5
27.7
20.3
160.1
17
USI-EKITI
47.8
5
CALARMA
293.4
9
28.4
26.9
23.1
170.4
12.3
BAUCHI
CALABAR
DD
EKET
ISEYIN
JOS
68.6
9
34.4
23.8
16.9
123.6
16.3
KADUNA
175.5
9
39.1
27.9
20.0
159.7
17.3
KANO
123.5
6
44.9
30.7
21.2
179.8
19.2
60.7
2
45.8
31.4
21.6
184.6
19.4
74
7
38.5
30.0
23.2
185.9
16.2
98.6
7
44.3
29.7
20.4
170.2
19.2
141.5
8
43.2
28.6
19.3
159.8
19.1
KATSINA
LAFIA
LOKOJA
MAIDU
MAKURDI
MINNA
Dear All,
Comments and suggestions on how to improve this publication are welcome. Agrometeorologists, Agriculturists, Extension
Workers, Research Officers, Users and the General Public should kindly send feedback to:
The Director-General/CEO,
Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET),
33 Pope John Paul II Street, Maitama District,
PMB 615 Garki, Abuja.
E-mail: nimetagrometbulletin@yahoo.com; NIMET WEB SITE: www.nimetng.org
NIGERIAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (NIMET)
AGROMETEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN NO. 25, DEKAD 1 SEPTEMBER (1-10) 2012
Page 3