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Topic 2
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Loyalty to one’s state, region, or locality as
opposed to a national orientation
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Emphasis on protecting local economic and
social interests
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Seek control of the federal government to
foster sectional interests
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Especially strong in the South
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Northeast – the states of New England / Middle
Atlantic region – industrializing region – textiles, leather
goods, iron manufacturing, machinery – new factory
system of production
West – central and northwestern states / territories small farms –food crops for home and larger market
South – southern states / the Cotton South –
plantations, exporter of cash crops – “King Cotton” – Eli
Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionizes cotton processing
technique –expansion of cotton production and slavery
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Protective Tariff
Second Bank of the United States
Internal Improvements
Land Policy
Territorial Expansion
Expansion of Slavery
The Meaning of the Constitution
States Rights v. Federalism
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1816 - first protective tariff
1824 - South fails to stop increased tariff
“Tariff of Abominations” – 1828
South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)
Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)
Nullification Crisis: Jackson v South Carolina
Compromise Tariff of 1833
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Defense of the doctrine of States’ Rights
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Sovereignty of the individual states
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Limited power of the central (federal)
government
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Created by the People
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Constitutional issues to be settled by the
Supreme Court not an individual state
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No right to nullification and secession
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Created by Congress, 1816
Modeled on Bank of England
Private corporation
Stock – private investors and
federal government
Depository - private and
federal money - Issued federal
banknotes
Provide loans
Dividends - Northeastern and
foreign investors
Restricted private / state
banks (“wildcat banks”)
Controlled inflation
North supports / West and
South opposes bank
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Jackson opposes the bank
Considered it unconstitutional
Withdraws federal funds
Vetoes bank recharter bill
Jackson v Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Nicholas Biddle
Election of 1832 issue
Specie Circular 1836 / Panic of 1837
Independent Treasury Act
Election of 1840
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Distrust of the federal government – (Tea
Party?)
Seen by Jackson and “common man” as a
victory over special privilege (Joe the Plumber
v the elite?)
No central banking system until Federal
Reserve (1913)
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Richard H. Sewell, A House Divided:
Sectionalism and Civil War, 1848-1865
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George Dangerfield, The Awakening of
American Nationalism, 1815-1828