Chapter 7
Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism
Refers to the mass production of Machine
made goods and the rise of factories
 Began in England in the Late 1700’s
 Signaled a change from hand made goods
to machine made goods

◦ Cottage Industry – method of production in
which tasks are done by individuals in their
rural homes

Also ushered in a significant change in
society and everyday life for its citizens.
The Industrial Revolution
In Britain inventors created
machines that were powered
by coal and water.
 These inventions sped up the
cloth (textile) making
process.
 Factories were built to house
these machines and workers
were hired to operate them.
 Ex of New Textile Inventions
◦ Spinning Jenny, Powered
Loom Flying Shuttle

New Inventions of the Ind. Rev.
Trade had always dominated the American
economy.
 Farmers and merchants shipped goods
such as tobacco, grain, and cotton to
Britain and other European countries.
 There was very little manufacturing
capabilities in the U.S.A.
 The Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of
1812 (British blockades) convinced
Americans (mainly New Englanders) of
the need to industrialize

Situation in the U.S.
The Embargo Act, passed by Thomas
Jefferson, prohibited goods from being
shipped to Europe.
 This caused farmers not to be able to sell
most of their crop and seriously damaged
the economy.
 During the War of 1812, the British Navy
blockaded the much of the American
coast and ships could not get out of
harbors to reach the foreign markets.

Industrializing factors
Samuel Slater immigrated to the U.S. from
Britain in.
 Slater had worked in a British factory and
memorized the machinery and the layout of the
factory.
 In 1793 Slater builds the first American factory
in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
 Since cash crops didn’t grow well in the North,
most investors sought to build factories. Soon
the Northeast’s economy and society was
centered around industrialization

The Northeast Industrializes
Geography:
◦ North- harsh and unforgiving land
◦ South- Warm and fertile land
◦ West-forests and mountains
 Tariffs:
◦ North- favored tariffs to ensure their factories could compete
with foreign manufacturers.
◦ South- opposed tariffs b/c they weren’t a manufacturing
region and they would have to pay more for their goods.
◦ West- favored tariffs
 *Slavery:
◦ North- Opposed slavery and its expansion into the west.
◦ South- supported slavery and its expansion into the west.
Both sides were adamantly divided over the issue.

Summary of why sectionalism
developed
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in
1793.
 It was used to clean seeds out of cotton.
 The Cotton gin, in effect, made the
cultivation of cotton much easier and
caused the cotton industry in the south to
boom.
 Many southern farmers raced to get more
land and slaves, so that they could rake in
the profits

Cotton transforms the South
The economic differences between the
North and the South was causing a rift to
develop between the regions
 A plan was developed to unify the regions,
and create a strong economy,
independent of Europe.
 Henry Clay, the speaker of the House,
promoted it as The American System

◦ Develop transportation system
◦ Establish a protective tariff
◦ Resurrect the National Bank (BUS)
Henry Clay’s American System

As part of the Am. System, Railroads,
canals, and roads were built.
◦ In 1811 The federal government started
construction on a National Road, which would
stretch from Maryland to Illinois.
◦ The Erie Canal was completed in 1825.
 It ran over 363 miles connecting the Hudson River
to Lake Erie or in other terms the Atlantic Ocean
to the Great lakes.
Internal Improvements
The Purpose of the tariff was to increase
the cost of European goods, which were
generally much cheaper than American
manufactured goods.
 The higher priced imported goods would
cause Americans to buy more American
made goods
 This would strengthen our economy
 Northerners usually favored tariffs,
whereas southerners and westerners
resented them

The Tariff of 1816
In 1817 James Monroe was inaugurated
as the new president.
 Robert Fulton invented and tested the first
steamboat – the Clermont

Era of good feelings
Supreme Court case dealing with power of
the federal govt. and interstate commerce
 Original case one steamboat operator
sued another because he was violating his
exclusive state charter.
 Ruling

◦ The federal government has power over states
concerning goods that cross state lines
Gibbons v. Ogden
Andrew Jackson wins popular
vote, but didn’t have majority
in the electoral college.
 John Q Adams wins the
election with the help of
Henry Clay (speaker of the
house).
 Jackson claims it was a
“Corrupt Bargain” b/c Clay
was later named Secretary of
State
 Adams presidency wasn’t
very successful b/c of the rift
being caused by Jacksonian
Democrats

The Election of 1824
Andrew Jackson wins the election of 1828
 1st mudslinging election

Election of 1828

The Man
◦ Orphaned at age 14
◦ Called candidate of the people
◦ Born in log cabin on frontier (NC)
◦ Killed a man in a dual.
◦ He was fiery and bad temper
◦ Not as well educated as T. Jefferson or J. Adams
◦ A gentleman and a soldier
◦ Hero of battle of New Orleans
Andrew Jackson

He became a symbol of the growing
power of democracy b/c he made it
entirely on his own and made it to the
highest office from humble beginnings.
Jacksonian Democracy

Jackson’s treatment of Indians
◦ Jackson forced Indians to move off of lands
west of the Mississippi
◦ The trail of tears- Osceola and the Seminoles
◦ The great silence

Cherokee use the legal system
◦ Worcester v. Georgia
Indian Removal Act





Theory of nullification- The idea that state’s have the right
to declare federal acts/ laws null and void if that state
thinks that the govt. is over stepping their boundaries.
There was some controversy over the tariffs of 1816, 1824
and 1828.
The south, especially South Carolina, resented the tariffs.
S. Carolina got so upset over the tariff of 1828 (“tariff of
abomination”) that it almost left the union.
Jackson went against the nullification theory by saying “our
union must be preserved”.
Congress passed a new tariff in 1832 and S. Carolina
declared the tariff “null and void”.
Nullification Controversy
Nullification Controversy cont.
Martin Van Buren
 Whig Party
 William Henry Harrison “Tippicanoe and
Tyler too”
 John Tyler


Opener- Trivia
◦ Why is the White House white?

In Class Schedule
◦
◦
◦
◦

Notes (QS 1-8)
Free Reading – SSR
Mc Cullough v. Maryland Handout
Map p. 217
Homework
Day 1

Opener
◦ “I can get up at 9 a.m and be rested or I can
get up at 6a.m and be president” Jimmy Carter

In Class Schedule
◦
◦
◦
◦

Notes (QS 9-14)
Gibbons v. Ogden Handout
Election of 1828 Geog handout
Map p. 221& 223
Homework
Day 2

Opener


Trivia -What grinning, spunky president coined the
phrase “Speak softly and carry a big stick”?
In Class Schedule
◦
◦
◦
◦

Notes (QS 15-18)
Free Reading – SSR
Trail of Tears map w. p. 227
Map p. 217
Homework
Day 3

Opener- DQ
◦ What was the effect of the Railroad and other
industrial inventions on the U.S.?

In Class Schedule
◦
◦
◦
◦

Notes (QS 19-23)
Andrew Jackson political cartoons
Osceola Handout
Map p. 217
Homework
Day 4

Opener
◦ “The world is full of wiling people to work
others willing to let you”
 R. Frost

In Class Schedule
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦

Cherokee legal fight handout
Free Reading – SSR
Early era presidents list
Pol. Cartoon project
Test
Homework
Day 5