‫אוניברסיטת תל‪-‬אביב‬
‫הפקולטה לניהול‬
‫בית הספר למוסמכים במנהל עסקים ע"ש ליאון רקנאטי‬
‫‪ - 1243.3235.01‬סוגיות ארגוניות וניהוליות בהתפתחות תעשיית ההיי‪-‬טק בישראל‬
‫סמסטר א'‪ ,‬תשס"ו‬
‫‪sellis@post.tau.ac.il‬‬
‫שם המרצה‪ :‬מולי אליס ‪6408080‬‬
‫חדר‪412 :‬‬
‫שעות הלימוד‪ :‬יום א' ‪71:71-73:81‬‬
‫שעת קבלה‪ :‬יום ב' ‪ 72:11-71:11‬או על פי תאום מראש‪.‬‬
‫כללי ומטרות‬
‫‪“Thanks to the quality education, Israel is one of the most advanced countries in the world.‬‬
‫”‪Israel is advancing in hi tech even more than other developed countries.‬‬
‫‪Bill Gates, Chairman, Microsoft Corporation.‬‬
‫‪“Israel has more software and electronics engineers per square mile than anywhere else eccept‬‬
‫”‪for the csilicon valley.‬‬
‫‪Fred Adler, leading US venture capitalist.‬‬
‫‪“We have acquired five companies in Israel and set up a research center, and you can be sure‬‬
‫”…‪that we will make further acquisition here because of the start-up culture‬‬
‫‪John Morgrige, Chairman, Sysco Systems.‬‬
‫ציטוטים אלה בנוסף לעובדות ה"יבשות" (למשל‪ ,‬ל –‪ 28‬מתוך ‪ 11‬ענקי הטכנולוגיה בעולם יש מרכז פיתוח בישראל‪,‬‬
‫יותר חברות טכנולוגיות בישראל נסחרות בנסד"ק יותר מאשר כל מדינות אירופה ביחד‪ ,‬מ – ‪ 7991‬ועד ‪4117‬‬
‫נרכשו חברות ישראליות על ידי חברות זרות בסכום של ‪ 78.271‬מיליארד דולר) מלמדים שתעשיית ההיי‪-‬טק‬
‫הישראלית היא אכן תופעה ייחודית בעולם‪.‬‬
‫מטרת הסמינר להבין את התופעה הייחודית של תעשיית ההיי טק הישראלית ולנתח אותה באמצעות מודלים‬
‫ותיאוריות ארגוניות‪ .‬אנו נבחן את התפתחות ההיי‪-‬טק הישראלי תוך התייחסות ל"שרשים" השונים המעורבים‬
‫ביצירתו ובגיבושו‪ ,‬לרשתות החברתיות בחברה הישראלית ובעיקר דרך פרספקטיבה של גיניאולוגיה ארגונית‪.‬‬
‫דרישות הסמינר‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪.8‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫נוכחות חובה‬
‫קריאה שוטפת של החומר הביבליוגרפי – מאמר או שניים לכל שיעור‬
‫מצגת וניהול דיון על מאמרים‬
‫עבודה סמינריונית‬
‫ציון‬
‫‪ 41%‬השתתפות אקטיבית בכיתה (כולל מצגת)‬
‫‪ 31%‬עבודה סמינריונית‬
‫אתר הקורס‬
‫ האתר מכיל אסופת מאמרים הרלבנטים לנושאים שיידונו בקורס ובהמשך‬.VIRTUAL TAU -‫לקורס אתר ב‬
‫ כל‬:‫ אך הינכם מוזמנים להנות גם מקריאת מאמרי הרשות‬,‫ מאמרי חובה‬7-4 ‫ לכל שיעור יהיו‬.‫יכלול גם מצגות‬
.‫המרבה בקריאה הרי זה משובח‬
‫תכנית הסמינר‬
‫טק הישראלי‬-‫סקירה כללית על תעשיית ההיי‬
**De Fontenay, C., & Carmel, E. (2004). Israel's Silicon Wadi: The Forces behind
Cluster Formation. In Timothy Bresnahan, Alfonso Gambardella (eds.) Building HighTech Clusters. Silicon Valley and Beyond, Cambridge University Press.
Breznitz, D. (2005). Collective space in a national innovation system: A case study of
the Israeli military’s on the software industry. Industry and Innovation, 12(1), 31-64.
Avnimelech, G., & Teubal, M. (2004). Venture capital start-up coevolution and the
emergence & development od Israel’s new high tech cluster. Economics Innoveation
and New Technology, 13(1), 33-60.
‫גישות התפתחותיות‬
**Gersick, C. (1994). Pacing Strategic Change: The Case of New venture. Academy of
Management Journal, 37(1), 9-45.
**Barnett, W.P., Swanson, A.N., & Sorenson, O. (2003). Asymmetric selection among
organizations. Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(4), 673-695.
Baron, J.N., Hannan. M.T., & Burton, M.D. ( 1999 ). Building the iron cage: Determinants of
managerial intensity in the early years of organizations. American Sociological Review, 64(4),
527-547.
Ruef, M. (2000). The emergence of organizational forms: A community ecology approach.
American Sociology Review, 106(3), 658-714.
Stark, D. & Vedres, B. (2000). Social times spaces: Network sequences and foreign investment
in Hungary. American Journal of Sociology, 111(5).
‫גיניאולוגיה‬
Dahl, M.S., Dalum, B., & Pedersen, c.O.R. (2003). New firm formations and inherited
organizational capabilities: Analizing modes og entry in high-tech cluster. Paper presented at
the DRUID Summer Confetrence on Creating, Sharing, and Transferring Knowledh: The role
of Geography, Institutions and Organizations.
Ellingsen, G., & Monteiro, E. (2002). Enacting knowledge work: the genealogy of knowledge
representations in hospitals. Paper presented at OKLC. Athens.
Jorgensen, K. (1999). The meaning of local knowledge, DRUID working paper No 99-6.
**Klepper S. (2001). Employee startups in high-tech industries. Insustrial and Corporate
Change, 10(3), 639**Philips, D. (2002). A genealogical approach to organizational life changes: The parent
progency transfer among silicon Valey lae firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 474506.
Powell, W.W., White, D.R., Koput, K.W., & Owen-Smith, J. (2005). Network dynamics and
field evolution: The growth of interorganizational collaboration in the life sciences. American
Journal of Sociology, 110(4), 1132-1205.
Dyck, B. (1997). Exploring organizational family trees: A multigenerational approach for
studying organizational births. Journal of Management Inqiry, 6(3), 222-233.
**Ito, K., & Rose, E. (1994). The genealogical structure of Japanese firms: Parent-subsidiary
relationshiops. Strategic Management Journals, 15, 35-51.
Ito, K. (1995). Japanese spinoffs: Unexplored survival strategies. Strategic Management
Journal, 16, 431-446.
Rose, E., & Ito, K. (2005). Widening the family circle: Spin-offs in the Japanese sevice sector.
Long Range Planning, 38, 9-26.
Klepper, S., & Thompson, P. (2005). Spinoff entry in high-tech industries: Motives and
consequences. Unpublished manuscript, Carnegie Melon University.
‫גישות מוסדיות‬
**DiMaggio, P. J. & Walter Powell (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism
and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147160.
Meyer, J.W & Rowan, B. (1977) - "Institutional Organizations: structures as myth and
ceremony" American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-363.
Scott, R. (1995). Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage pp.
**Zilber, T.B. (2005). The work of the symbolic in institutional progress: Translations
of rational myths in Israeli Hi-Tech. Academy of Management, in press.
‫נהול ידע בארגונים‬
Ingram, Paul. 2002. “Interorganizational Learning.” Pp. 642-663 in The Blackwell Companion
to Organizations, edited by Joel A. C. Baum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Argote, Linda and Ron Ophir. 2002. “Intraorganizational Learning.” Pp. 181-207 in The
Blackwell Companion to Organizations, edited by Joel A. C. Baum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Berman, S.L., & Down, L. (2002). Tacit knowledge as a source of advantage in the NBA.
Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 13-31.
Nonaka, I. (1994). A theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5,
14-37.
Alavi, M., & Leidner, D.E. (2001). Review: Knowledge management and knowledge
management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 25(1), 107136.
Grant, R.M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management
Journal, 17, 109-122.
Zack, M.H. (1999). Developing a knowledge strategy. California Management Review, 41(3),
125- .
**Argote, L., McEvily, B., & Reagans, R. (2003). Managing knowledge in organizations: An
integrative framework and review of emerging themes. Management Science, 29(4), 571-582.
Gold, A.H., Malhorta, A., & Segars,A. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational
capabilities perspective. Journal of Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214.
Adams, G.L., & Lamont, B. (2003). Knowledge management systems and developing
sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7 (2), 142-154.
**Miller, K. (2002). Knowledge inventories and managerial myopia. Strategic Management
Journal, 23, 689-706.
Laursen, K. & Mahnke, V. (2001). Knowledge strategies, firm type, and complimentarity in
human-resource practices. Journal od Management and Governance, 5, 1-27.
‫העברת ידע בארגונים‬
Argote, L., & Ingram, P., Levine, J.M., Moreland, R.L. (2000). Knowledge transfer in
organizations: Learning from the experience of others. Organizational Behavior and Human
Decision Processes, 82(1), 1-8.
**Madsen, T.L., Masakowski, E., & Zaheer, S. (2003). Knowledge retention and personnel
mobility: The nondisruptive effects of inflows of experience. Journal of Knowledge
Management, 14(2), 173-191.
**Madsen, T.L., Mosakowski, E., & Zaheer, S. (2002). The dynamics of knowledge flows:
Human capital mobility, knowledge retention and change. Journal of Knowledhe Management,
6(2), 164-176.
**Rosenkopf, L., & Almeida, P. (2003). Overcoming local search through alliances and
mobility. Management Science, 49(6), 731-766.
Argote, L., & Ingram, P. (2000). Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in
firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 150-169.
**Ingram. P., & Simons, T. (2002). The transfer of experience in groups of organizations:
Implications for performance and competition. Management Science, 48(12), 1517-1533.
Schutz, M. (2001). The uncertain relevance of newness: Organizational learning and knowledge
flows. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 661-681.
Uzzi, B., & Gillespie, J. (2002). Knowledge spillover in corporate financing networks:
Embeddedness and the firm’s debt performance. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 595-618.
**Vermeulen, F., & Barkema, H. (2001). Learning through acquisitions. Academy of
Management Journal, 44(3), 457-475.
‫רשתות בתוך ובין ארגונים‬
Stuart, T.E. (1998). Network positions and propensities to collaborate: An investigation of
strategic alliance formation in Hi-Tech industry, Administrative Sicience Quarterly, 43, 668698.
Uzzi, B. (1996). The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance
of organizations: The network effect. American Sociological Review, 61, 674-698.
**Hite, J.M., & Hesterly, W.S. (2001). The evoloution of firm networks: From emergence to
early growth of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 275-286.
Ruef, M., Aldrich, H., & Carter, N. (2003). The structure of founding teams: Homophily, strong
ties, and isolation among U.S entrepreneurs. American Sociliogical Review, 68, 195-222.
Deroian, Frederic. (2002). Formation of Social Networks and Diffusion of Innovations.
Research Policy 31, 835-846.
Hansen, Morten T. (2002). Knowledge Networks: Explaining Effective Knowledge Sharing in
Multiunit Companies. Organization Science 13, 232-249.
Khanna, Tarun, Ranjay Gulati and Nitin Nohria. (1998). The Dynamics of Learning Alliances:
Competition, Cooperation, and Relative Scope. Strategic Management Journal 19, 193-210.
Lane, Peter J. and Michael Lubatkin. (1998). Relative Absorptive Capacity and
Interorganizational Learning. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 461-477.
Liebeskind, Julia Porter, Amalya Lumerman Oliver, Lynne Zucker and Marilynn Brewer.
(1996). “Social Networks, Learning, and Flexibility: Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New
Biotechnology Firms. Organization Science 7(4):428-442.
**McEvily, Bill and Ray Reagans. (2003). Network Structure and Knowledge Transfer The
Effects of Cohesion and Range. Administrative Science Quarterly 48, 240-267.
**Powell, Walter W., Kenneth W. Koput, and Laurel Smith-Doerr. 1996. “Interorganizational
Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology.
Administrative Science Quarterly 41:116-145.
Strang, David and Sarah A. Soule. 1998. “Diffusion in Organizations and Social Movements:
From Hybrid Corn to Poison Pills.” Annual Review of Sociology 24:265-290.
Tsai, Wenpin. 2002. “Social Structure of ‘Coopetition’ within a Multiunit Organization:
Coordination, Competition, and Intraorganizational Knowledge Sharing.” Organization Science
13:179-191.
Wejnert, Barbara. 2002. “Integrating Models of Diffusion of Innovations: A Conceptual
Framework. Annual Review of Sociology, 28:297-326.
**Ahuja, Gautam. 2000. “Collaborative Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: A
Longitudinal Study.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 45:425-455.
Baker, Wayne E. and Robert R. Faulkner. 2002. “Interorganizational Networks.” Pp. 520-540 in
Blackwell Companion to Organizations, edited by Joel A. C. Baum. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Carbonara, Nunzia. 2002. “New Models of Inter-firm Networks within Industrial Districts.”
Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14(3):229-246.
Das, T.K. and Bing-Sheng Teng. 2002. “Alliance Constellations: A Social Exchange
Perspective.” Academy of Management Review 27:445-456
Gulati, Ranjay, Dania A. Dialdin and Lihua Wang. 2002. “Organizational Networks.” Pp. 281303 in Blackwell Companion to Organizations, edited by Joel A. C. Baum. Oxford, UK:
Blackwell.
Kenis, Patrick and David Knoke. 2002. “How Organizational Field Networks Shape
Interorganizational Tie-Formation Rates.” Academy of Management Review 27:275-293.
Kogut, Bruce. 1998. “Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives.” Strategic
alliances. Pp. 302-15
Kono, Clifford, Donald Palmer, Roger Friedland, and Matthew Zafonte. 1998. “Lost in Space:
the Geography of Corporate Interlocking Directorates.” American Journal of Sociology,
103:863-911.
Larson, Andrea. 1992. “Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings: A Study of the Governance
of Exchange Relationships.” Administrative Science Quarterly 37:76-104.
Mizruchi, Mark S. 1996. “What Do Interlocks Do? An Analysis, Critique, and Assessment of
Research on Interlocking Directorates.” Annual Review of Sociology 22:271-298.
Podolny, Joel M. 2001. “Networks as the Pipes and Prisms of the Market.” American Journal of
Sociology 107:33-60.
Powell, Walter W., Douglas R. White, Kenneth W. Koput and Jason Owen-Smith (2005).
“Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in
the Life Sciences” American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 110, Iss. 4; p. 1132
Stuart, Toby E. 2000. “Interorganizational Alliances and the Performance of Firms: A Study of
Growth and Innovation Rates in a High-Technology Industry.” Strategic Management Journal
21:791-811.
Hansen, M. (1999). The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge
across organization subunits. ASQ, 44, 82-111.
‫הון חברתי ואנושי‬
**Florin, J., Lubatkin, M., & Schulze, W. (2003). A social capital model of high-growth
ventures. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 374-384.
Kostova, T., & Roth, K. (2003). Social capital in multinational corporations and micro-macro
model of its formation. Academy of Management Review, 28(2), 297-317.
Adler, Paul S. and Seok-Woo Kwon. 2002. “Social Capital: Prospects For A New Concept.”
Academy of Management Review, 27, 17-40.
Burt, Ronald S. 2001. Structural Holes versus Network Closure as Social Capital. Pp. 31-56 in
Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Nan Lin, Karen S. Cook, and Ronald S. Burt.
New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
**Burt, Ronald S. 2004. “Structural Holes and Good Ideas.” Forthcoming in American Journal
of Sociology.
Burt, Ronald S. 2000. The network structure of social capital. In R.I. Sutton & B.M. Staw
(Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, Greenwich CT: JAI Press.
Frank, Kenneth A. and Jeffrey Y. Yasumoto. 1998. “Linking Action to Social Structure with a
System: Social Capital within and between Subgroups.” American Journal of Sociology
104:642-686.
**Gargiulo, Martin and Mario Benassi. 2000. “Trapped in Your Own Net? Network Cohesion,
Structural Holes, and the Adaptation of Social Capital.” Organization Science, 11:183-196.
Lewicki, R.J., D.J. McAllister and R.J. Bies. 1998. “Trust and Distrust: New Relationships and
Realities.” Academy of Management Review 23:438-458
Mouw, Ted. 2003. “Social Capital and Finding A Job: Do Contacts Matter?” American
Sociological Review 68:868-898.
Seibert, Scott E., Maria L. Kraimer and Robert C. Liden. 2001. “A Social Capital Theory of
Career Success.” Academy of Management Journal 44:219-238.
‫מודלים של יזמות‬
Schoonhoven, C.B. and Romanelli, E. 2001. (eds.) The Entrepreneurship Dynamic: Origins of
Entrepreneurship and the Evolution of Industries. Stanford University Press, Stanford,
California.
Aldrich, Howard, Zimmer, Catherine. 1986. "Entrepreneurship Through Social Networks". in:
Sexton, Donald and Smilor, Raymond W. (eds.). The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship.
Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger. pp. 2-23
Saxenian, A. 2000. The Origins and Dynamics of Production Networks in Silicon Vally. In:
Swedberg, Richard. (ed.). Entrepreneurship – The Social Science View. Oxford University
Press. Oxford. Pp. 308-331.
‫תרבות וזהות ארגונית‬
**Drori, I., Wrzesniewski, A., & Ellis, S. Symbolic boundaries and boundary work during
post-merger integration. Working paper, Tel Aviv University.
Albert, S. and Whetten, D.A. (1985). Organizational identity. In L.L Cummings and M.M. Staw
(Eds.). Research in Organizational Behavior, 7:263-295.
Ashforth , B.E and Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of
Management Review, 14:20-39.
**Corley, K. G. and Gioia, D.A. (20004). Identity ambiguity and change in the wake of a
corporate spin-off. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49:173-208.
Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M and Harquail, C.V. (1994). Organizational image and members
identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39:239-263.
Pratt. M.G. and Foreman, P.O. (2000). Classifying managerial responses to multiple
organizational identities. Academy of Management Review, 25:18-42.
‫טק‬-‫תעשיית הון סיכון והתפתחות ההי‬
Berr, H. (2002), Is venture capital specisl? Working paper, Bank of Israel.
Castilla, E. (2003). Networks of venture capital fiems in the Silicon Valley. Journal of
Technology Management, 25, 113-135.
Robersts, E. (1991). High stakes for high-tech entrepreneurs: Understanding venture capital
decision-making. Sloan Management Review, 32, 9-20.
Hambrecht, W. (1984). Venture capital and the growth of the Silicon Valley. California
Management Review, 26(2), 74-82.
**Hochberg, Y., Ljungqvist, A., & Lu, Y. (2004). Who you know matters: Venture capital
networks and investment companies. Working paper, Cornell University.
Hsu, D. (2002). Do venture capitalists affects communication strategies at startups? Working
paper, Sloan School of Management, MIT.
Learner, L. (1999). The government as venture capitalist: The long run impact on SBIR
program. The Journal of Business, 285-318.
Perry, L.T. (1988). The capital connection: How relations between founders and venture
capitalists affect innovation in new ventures.
**Ellis, S., Sagiv, T., & Drori, I. Exploration-exploitation dilemmas of venture capital
companies: The role of organizational slack and horizons. Working paper, Tel Aviv University.
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