Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 1
I. Сопоставьте слова
1) Hydraulics
2) Ventilating
3) Machinery
4) Engineering
5) Metallurgy
6) Air conditioning
7) Mechanical engineer
8) Efficiency
9) Mechanical engineering
10) Heating
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
металлургия
инженерное искусство
инженер-машиностроитель
вентиляция
продуктивность
оборудование
гидравлика
машиностроение
нагревание, отопление
кондиционирование воздуха
II. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:
Occupation, to evolve, to design, engine, goods, to operate, structure, to build,
field, subject.
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:
Материалы, современный, управлять, насос, тестировать, разнообразие,
древний, промышленный, умения, турбина
IV. Переведите данные предложения на русский язык.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Engineering is an ancient occupation.
Present-day civilization never could have evolved without engineering skills.
Different skills are included in the broad field of engineering.
Machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics and pneumatics are included
into the field of mechanical engineering.
5. Specialists in this field design machinery of all types.
6. Mechanical engineers work on a variety of manufactured goods.
7. Some mechanical engineers specialize in pumps or steam turbines.
8. Future mechanical engineers must know many subjects.
9. Future specialists must be trained in metallurgy and machine design.
10.
Good specialists must work for both economy and efficiency.
V. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.
THE PROFESSION OF A MECHANICAL ENGINEER
Engineering is one of the most ancient occupations in history. Without the
skills included in the broad field of engineering, our present-day civilization
never could have evolved.
Mechanical engineers design, test, build and operate machinery of all
types. Specialists in this field also work on a variety of manufactured goods and
certain kinds of structures.
The field of mechanical engineering is divided into:
1) machinery, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics and pneumatics;
2) heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilating and
air conditioning.
To become good specialists future mechanical engineers must be trained
in mechanics, hydraulics and thermodynamics. They also must know such
subjects as metallurgy and machine design. Some mechanical engineers
specialize in particular types of machines such as pumps or steam turbines. A
mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the
products themselves and must design for both economy and efficiency.
VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Is engineering an ancient occupation?
2. What do specialists in this field do?
3. What fields is mechanical engineering divided into?
4. What subjects must a mechanical engineer know?
5. Do mechanical engineers specialize in any particular types of machines?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 2
I. Сопоставьте слова
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
numerical control
manufacturing systems
cylindrical part
continuous rotation
modern lathes
cutting edge
flat surface
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
производственные системы
постоянное вращение
режущий край, острие
современные токарные станки
плоская поверхность
цифровой контроль
цилиндрическая деталь
II. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:
cutting edge, circumference, to feed, longitudinal, flat, angle, slot, gear teeth,
drill, hole, thread, portable
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:
электропривод, более точный, отдельные детали, процесс массового
производства, приспособления для держания резца и детали, операции по
механической обработке детали, высоковольтный разряд, сверление
ультразвуком,
резание
с
помощью
лазерного
луча,
гибкие
производственные системы, детали круглого сечения
IV. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.
MACHINE-TOOLS
Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material
to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically
driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than
hand tools: they were an important element in the development of massproduction processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large
numbers so as to be interchangeable.
All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the
tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relative to
the workpiece. Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and
use cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and
lubrication.
Machine-tools usually work materials mechanically but other machining
methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark
erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous
high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece. Other
machining methods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a
laser beam. Numerical controls of machine-tools and flexible manufacturing
systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used
flexibly for the manufacture of a range of products.
Lathe is still the most important machine-tool. It produces parts of circular
cross-section by turning the workpiece on its axis and cutting its surface with a
sharp stationary tool. The tool may be moved sideways to produce a cylindrical
part and moved towards the workpiece to control the depth of cut. Nowadays all
lathes are power-driven by electric motors. That allows continuous rotation of
the workpiece at a variety of speeds. The modern lathe is driven by means of a
headstock supporting a hollow spindle on accurate bearings and carrying either a
chuck or a faceplate, to which the workpiece is clamped. The movement of the
tool, both along the lathe bed and at right angle to it, can be accurately
controlled, so enabling a part to be machined to close tolerances. Modern lathes
are often under numerical control.
V. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What are machine-tools used for?
2. How are most machine-tools driven nowadays?
3. What facilities have all machine-tools?
4. How are the cutting tool and the workpiece cooled during machining?
5. What other machining methods have been developed lately?
6. What systems are used now for the manufacture of a range of products
without the use of manual labour?
7. What parts can be made with lathes?
8. How can the cutting tool be moved on a lathe?
9. How is the workpiece clamped in a lathe?
10. Can we change the speeds of workpiece rotation in a lathe?
11. What is numerical control of machine tools used for?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 3
I. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.
1) car body
2) storage
3) luxury
4) interior
5) retro
6) cheap
7) expensive
8) roof
9) vehicle
10) pollution
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
транспортное средство
ретро
загрязнение
крыша
внутренняя часть
роскошь
дорогой
хранение
кузов
дешевый
II. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:
state-of-the-art, sedan, coupe, hatchback, van, compact, trunk, light bias, station
wagon, SUV
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:
скорость, сидение, двигатель, аккумулятор, бензин, пробег в милях,
автомобиль с откидным верхом, легковой автомобиль с гибридным
приводом, перезаряжаемый, сгорание
Переведите данные предложения на русский язык
VI.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
All cars have their own peculiarities.
A compact is a small car.
Some rich people enjoy having a luxury car.
Those people who have a family often buy a station wagon.
If you like travelling, a SUV is for you.
If you like speed, it’s better to buy a sports car.
A car, the roof of which can be folded back or removed is a convertible.
Some examples of hybrid cars already exist.
A hybrid car is a vehicle that uses both a traditional engine and a
rechargeable system.
10. Hybrid cars help to improve mileage, cause less pollution and decrease need
for gasoline.
V.
Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.
Types of cars
There are different types of cars: big and small, cheap and expensive,
state-of-the-art and retro cars.
Speaking about car body types, we should distinguish between a sedan, a
coupe, a hatchback, a van and many others. All of them have their own
peculiarities.
A car that has four doors, a front and back seat and a trunk is a sedan.
A compact is a small car. It is very useful for parking in big cities.
Some rich people enjoy having a luxury car. It is usually very comfortable
and has expensive interior parts: leather seats, beautiful light bias, etc.
Those people who have a family often buy a station wagon – a car that has
room inside for a third seat or for storage.
If you like travelling, a SUV is for you. This car is designed for travel on
rocky roads.
A box-like car that has a rear and/or side doors and a lot of room for
people or for storage is a van.
If you like speed, it’s better to buy a sports car. These cars are designed
for high speeds.
A car, the roof of which can be folded back or removed, is a convertible.
Some examples of hybrid cars already exist. It is a vehicle that uses both a
traditional engine (combustion) and a rechargeable system (typically operated
by battery) to improve mileage, cause less pollution and decrease need for
gasoline.
VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What types of cars can you name?
2. What car body types do you know?
3. What is ‘a compact’?
4. What car do family people often buy?
5. What car would you buy, if you were rich?
6. What is the best car for travelling?
7. What car is designed for high speeds?
8. What is ‘a convertible’?
9. What is ‘a hybrid car’?
10. For what are hybrid cars helpful?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 4
I.
Сопоставьте слова:
1) cruising
2) vehicle
3) engine
4) battery
5) overtaking
6) hydrogen
7) braking
8) accelerate
9) hybrid
10) regenerative
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
двигатель
гибридный
торможение
водород
ускорять, разгонять
движение с оптимальной скоростью
транспортное средство, автомобиль
регенеративный
аккумулятор
обгон
II. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:
power, source, petrol, advanced, resistance , to function,, electricity, to pollute,
to plug in, to waste, overnight,
III.
Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:
электромотор, обеспечивать, постоянный, трансмиссия, генератор, педаль
подачи топлива, холостой (ход), заряжать, низкоскоростной, меньше,
IV.
Переведите данные предложения на русский язык:
1. The petrol engine in hybrid cars is smaller and lighter than the conventional
car engines.
2. It uses both a petrol engine and an electric motor.
3. It provides extra power.
4. The hybrid electric car carries a pack of advanced batteries.
5. No energy is wasted from idling.
6. They do not require special fuel.
7. The weight of the batteries is heavy.
8. A hybrid results from combining two different sources of power.
9. For low-speed cruising the petrol engines are least efficient.
10. The petrol engine drives the generator, when the batteries are low.
V. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.
Hybrid Cars
A Hybrid-electric vehicle has both a petrol engine and an electric motor.
The petrol engine is the power source. The electric motor provides extra power
for overtaking, hill-climbing and accelerating from stop. In some cars, it also
provides power for low-speed cruising as petrol engines are least efficient in
these conditions. When the car is running at a constant speed, the petrol engine
provides all the power required. In addition to a fuel tank, the HEV carries a
pack of advanced batteries. There is also a processor which decides when to use
the motor and engine.
HEVs use regenerative braking. When the driver brakes, the resistance of
the motor helps to slow down the car. At the same time, the energy from the
wheels turns the electric motor which then functions as a generator, producing
electricity to recharge the batteries. When the batteries are low, the petrol
engine also drives the generator.
Hybrid cars have automatic start/shutoff. No energy is wasted from idling
when the car is stopped.
Hybrid- electric vehicles are more efficient and pollute less than cars with
only petrol engines. They do not require special fuel like hydrogen cars and,
unlike electric cars, they do not need to be plugged in overnight to recharge the
batteries. However, they are heavy because of the weight of the batteries.
6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
What two things are combined to make a hybrid car?
When is the petrol engine used alone?
When is the electric motor used alone?
When are both motors used?
What advantage does this car have over an electric car?
Задания для самостоятельной работы
Вариант 5
I.
. Сопоставьте слова.
1. truck
a. безопасность
2. clutch
b. производить
3. fuel
c. топливо
4. design
d. грузовой автомобиль
5. up-to-date
e. проектировать
6. comfortable
f. коробка передач
7. gearbox
g. зажигание
8. produce
h. сцепление
9. safety
i. удобный
10. ignition
j. современный
II. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:
valve, tension, to replace, pressure, wheel, brakes, coolant, hazardous, lever, to
repair,
III. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский
кузов, разрабатывать, надежный, двигатель, цикл, трение, бензин, КПД,
изобретать, скорость,
IV. Переведите данные предложения на русский язык
1. In resistance welding, heat is obtained from the resistance of metal to the flow
of an electric current.
2. In a milling machine the cutter is a circular device with a series of cutting
edges on its circumference.
3. Toughness is the resistance of a material to breaking when there is a crack in
it.
4. Engineers must know how materials respond to external forces.
5. Compression is a pressure causing a decrease in volume.
6. Fracture of the workpiece during forming can result from inner flaws in the
metal.
7. A lot of metalworking processes have been developed for certain
applications.
8. The internal combustion engine is called so because fuel is burned directly
inside the engine itself.
9. The clutch connects the engine with the driving wheels.
10. The foundation of the automobile chassis is the frame which provides
support for the engine, body and power-train members.
V. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION
The production of the automobile comprises the following phases:
1.
designing;
2.
working out the technology of manufacturing processes;
3.
laboratory tests;
4.
road tests;
5.
mass manufacturing (production).
It is important to know them, as before the automobile is put into mass
production it should be properly designed and the car must meet up-to-date
requirements.
The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving
safety, ease of handling and maintenance, pleasant appearance. Also it must be
comfortable and ecological. In order to obtain these qualities the specialists
should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars using new types of
resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer
sciences because computers offer quick and optimal solutions of the problems.
Before the car is put into mass production the units of the car are
subjected to tests in the Works laboratory and then the car undergoes a rigid
quality control in road tests. These tests are needed because the modern
automobile must be rapid in acceleration, have smooth acting clutch, silent
gearbox, dependable braking and steering systems, dependable ignition system,
low fuel consumption and be stable on the road.
VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?
What requirements must modern automobiles meet?
What materials are used in the automobile manufacturing?
What tests are cars subjected to?
Why are computers used in cars?