 Cell membrane-protective layer
covering the cell’s surface
 Lysosome-destroy worn-out
organelles, get rid of waste, and
protect the cell from foreign
invaders
 Nucleus- in eukaryotic cells; DNA
stored in
 Chloroplast- plants; organelle
where photosynthesis occurs;
trap energy of sunlight to make
sugar (photosynthesis)
 Ribosome- proteins; made from
amino acids
 Golgi complex- organelle that
produces and transports materials
within and out of the cell
 Mitochondrion- organelle that
breaks down food molecules to
make ATP; power source; breaks
down sugar to release energy
 Cell wall- structure that surrounds
the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell
 Cytoskeleton- network of protein
in the cytoplasm of some cells,
which defines the shape of animal
cells

 Eukaryotic cell
o Have organelles with
functions (each organelle has a
job like in a factory) which
helps keep the cell alive
o Ability to differentiate to
become specialized cells helps
tissues, organs, and systems
work more efficiently
o Ex: yeast, animals, plants,
amoebas
 Prokaryotic cells
o Organisms with DNA
o Circular molecule
o No nucleus
o Ex: Bacteria
 Cellso Smallest structural and
functional unit of all living
things
o Size of a cell = cell’s surface
area to volume ratio
 In every cell 3 structures
o Cell membrane
o Cytoplasm
o DNA
 Difference between animal and
plant cells
o Animals cells- cell
membrane; nucleus,
mitochondrion, nucleolus, DNA,
cytoskeleton, ER
(smooth/rough) , Golgi
complex, lysosomes, ribosome,
vesicles (be able to label the
eukaryotic animal cell)
o Plant cells- have everything
a animals cells has and… have
cell walls/cell membrane;
chloroplast which makes
chlorophyll; stores extra water
& food/ large central vacuole
 Compare the levels of
organization among unicellular
organisms with the types of
organization found in multicellular
organism.
 Compare the types of tissue
found in animals with the type of
tissue found in plants. How are
they alike/different?
 What is an advantage to having
specialized cardiac muscle cells?
What is a disadvantage?
 P126 Table 1 NEED TO KNOW
Organelles and their functions (be
able to match the pictures to their
definition