Essential Questions
 How is the human body organized?
 What are the structural components of the body?
 How does the body’s structural organization relate to
its support and movement?
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Composed of:
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Types of tissues:
 Epithelial tissue-protects by covering internal and
external surfaces and produces secretions.
 Connective tissue-supports/connects organs & tissues.
 Muscle tissue-cells have ability to contract/move body.
 Nervous tissue-cells react to stimuli/conduct impulses.
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Squamous
Cuboidal
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Columnar
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Can be found in organs and in glands:
In small intestines ET can absorb nutrients
In glands ET can secrete hormones & enzymes
In skin ET can excrete sweat.
(All glands are made of epithelial tissue.)
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 formed by putting two thin
layers of tissue together,
cells may secrete a fluid
 Membranes are
vital because they separate
the cell from the outside
world. They also separate
compartments inside the
cell to protect important
processes and events.
 Membranes are Epithelial
or Connective
1. MUCOUS MEMBRANES–
lines digestive, respiratory,
reproductive and urinary
systems – produces
mucous to lubricate and
protect the lining
 They line various body
cavities that are exposed to
the external environment
and internal organs.
 2. Serous Membranes–
double-walled membranes
produces a watery fluid
(Serous fluid) lines closed
body cavities
 Pleural, Pericardial,
Peritoneal
 the outer part of the
membrane that lines the
cavity is the PARIETAL
membrane
 the part that covers the
organs is the VISCERAL
membrane.
PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs
PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart
PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs
The watery/serous fluid produced allows organs to move freely and prevents friction
 Are made of two layers
of connective tissue.
Synovial membraneLines the joint cavity
and produces synovial
fluid which prevents
friction with
movement of the
bones.
Connective tissue supports and connects
organs and tissue
 Adipose type of connective tissue that stores fat cells.
 Cartilage firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton




and part of the adult skeleton.
Tendons white bands of connective tissue attaching
skeletal muscle to bone.
Ligaments strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that
hold bones firmly together at the joints.
Blood/Lymph liquid blood tissue and lymph tissue.
Bone hardened bone tissue that supports and protects body.
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Connective tissue
Adipose
Fibrocartilage
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Elastic cartilage
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 Repair of damaged tissue occurs continually.
 Two types
Primary takes place in clean wound where
infection is not present.
Secondary larger and deeper wounds.
place by granulation.
 Cicatrix –Scar tissue
Takes
Muscle tissue contracts and moves a body
part
 Cardiac
 striated, involuntary
 contracts the heart
 Skeletal
 striated, voluntary
 attached to the skeleton
 Smooth
 nonstriated, involuntary
 provides movement in various body systems
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Muscle tissue
Cardiac
Skeletal
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Smooth
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 – cells that react to stimuli
and conduct an impulse
 Neurons are highly
specialized cells that
generate and transmit
electrical impulses (action
potentials) permitting
rapid communication
between distant areas of
the body.
Musclepink
Connectiveblue
Epithelialgreen
Nerveyellow
• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Skeletal
• Hard – Cartilage, Bones
• Soft – Adipose, Ligaments, Tendons
• Skin
• Membranes – Mucous and Serous
• Neuron
Anatomical
position
Discuss the importance of
anatomical position.
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Directional terms
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Directional terms
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Directional terms
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Body planes
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Body cavities
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Notes on Human Body Systems HO
Textbook p 64 (Circulatory and Lymphatic in same system on
chart, Nervous and Sensory same system, Urinary found under
Excretory system)
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Click here to hear heartbeat
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The Skin
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The Tongue
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Male
Female
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