Matter and Energy
Name _______________________________
Applied Chemistry
Date: __________________ Period: ______
I.
The UNIVERSE is made of _______________ and _______________.
II.
Energy
A. Definition: Energy is the capacity to do ______________ or to produce _____________.
1. Common Unit: ___________________abbreviated ______________.
2. SI Unit: ________________ abbreviated _______________.
B. Forms
1. Radiant Energy is energy transferred ______________________.
Example: ________________
2. Kinetic Energy is the energy of _________________.
Examples: _________________
_________________
_________________
3. Potential Energy is energy of _________________ or ______________________.
Examples: _________________
_________________
C. Law of Conservation of Energy
1. Energy is neither ______________ nor ________________.
2. Energy can change from one ______________ to another.
III.
Matter
A. Definition: Matter is anything that has ______________ and _____________.
B. States of Matter
1. Identification Table
NAME
ABBREV
SHAPE
VOLUME
DENSITY
2. Change in state is also known as a _____________________________.
(See next page for changes between states.)
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C. Properties or Characteristics of Matter
1. A physical property is a property _____________________ or __________________
without changing the material.
Examples: _________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
2. A chemical property is a property that refers to the ability of a material to undergo a
________________ that alters its structure.
Examples: _________________________
_________________________
D. Changes
1. All changes involve a change in _________________.
2. Physical Changes: Do NOT change the __________________ of a substance.
Examples: _________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
3. Chemical Changes: ________________ the identity of a substance.
Examples: _________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
4. Signs of a Chemical Change:
_________________________________, ________________________________,
_________________________________, ________________________________,
or _________________________________.
a. Chemical Equation – a shorthand way to write a ________________ _____________.

Starting materials are called ____________________.

Newly formed materials are called ___________________.
Reactants

Products
Yield
Iron
+
Oxygen

Rust (Iron(II) oxide)
E. Law of Conservation of Matter
1. Matter is neither __________________ nor ___________________. It only changes
_____________________.
2. Shown by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier in the 1700s. He is known as the
Father of _________________.
mass of the ____________________ = mass of the ____________________
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F. Classification of Matter
1. Pure substances
a. Elements

Contain only ______________________________.

_______________ be broken down by ordinary methods. (chemical/physical)

Ancient Greeks believed in only _______ elements (________________,
_________________, ________________, _________________)

_____ naturally occurring elements. Others are short-lived, man-made elements.

A _____________________ is a shorthand way of writing the name of an element.

Represents 1 _______________ of an element.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Consists of 1 or 2 letters
1st letter is ALWAYS capitalized.
Subsequent letter is lower case.
3-letter symbols are temporary designations assigned by IUPAC.
Ex. Hydrogen _______
Helium
Carbon
_______
________
Chlorine ________
# of elements as a Solid, Liquid, or Gas at room temperature
___________ Liquids
___________ Gases
All others are solids.
b. Compounds

Contain _______________________________________ that are chemically
combined.

Can be broken down by chemical processes, such as ________________________.

Smallest particle of a compound is a

A __________________ is a shorthand way of writing the name of a compound. It
.
shows:
1. Which elements are present
2. The ratio of the elements present.
Example: H2O - the 2 is called a __________________ that tells you that
______________of hydrogen combine with ____________ of oxygen to form
_______________________ of water.
Example: 3 H2O is read as 3 _________________ of water. The 3 is called a
__________________. There are ________ hydrogen atoms and ________
oxygen atoms.
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Element or Compound?
Co _______________
CO _____________
CS _______________
Mg ______________
How many atoms are in Na2SO4? ___________
How many atoms are in Ca(OH)2? ___________
How many atoms are in 3Fe2(SO3)3? ___________
2. Mixtures contain _______________________________ that are mixed together but
_________________ chemically joined.
A. Homogeneous Mixture or Solution

____________________ throughout

Not visibly different

Examples:
_____________________
______________________
_____________________
______________________
B. Heterogeneous Mixture or Mechanical Mixture

Not ____________________ throughout

Visibly different (layers)

Examples:
_____________________
______________________
_____________________
______________________
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IV.
Separation Techniques
A. Heterogeneous Mixtures
1. Filtration

Separate _____________________ from a clear liquid by pouring through a
__________________, __________________, or __________________.

filtrate:

residue:

Examples: _____________________ ______________________
2. Magnetic Method

Separate _________________ substances from _________________ substances.

Examples: ______________________ _____________________
3. Decanting

Separate _____________________ due to a difference in _____________.

Example: _______________________
B. Homogenous Mixtures:
1. Chromatography

Separate ________________ of ink using strips of paper.

Examples: ______________________ ______________________
2. Distillation

Separate solution by a difference in ______________________. The liquids will
evaporate and then _________________ back to a liquid.

Example: _____________________
3. Crystallization

Separate a solution by __________________ the liquid and the solid will __________.

Examples: _______________________
_________________________
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