Gas Turbines Based CHP
Clean, Green & Sustainable
Géraldine Roy - Proposals Manager – FEED
Richard Williamson – Framework Support Manager
Derek Fothergill - Consultant
Melton Mowbray, June 2013
© Siemens AG, 2012
Gas Turbine heritage
First established in 1857 - Joseph Ruston
Gas Turbines since 1946 - Frank Whittle
Agriculture
Industry
Gas Turbines
Military
Page 2
June 2013
Transport
Siemens Energy Sector
Industrial Gas Turbines
Page 3
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Siemens Industrial gas Turbines
Product Applications
Power Generation
Pumping
Compression
CHP
Comb. Cycle
An SGT-100
generating set is
installed on Norske
Shell's Troll Field
platform in the
North Sea
Thirty SGT-200
driven pump sets
on the OZ2 pipeline
operated by
Sonatrach, Algeria
Two SGT-700
driven Siemens
compressors for
natural gas
liquefaction plant
owned by UGDC
at Port Said,
Egypt.
An SGT-800 CHP
plant for InfraServ
Bavernwerk’s
chemical plant in
Gendorf,
Germany.
Two SGT-400
generating sets
operating in
cogeneration/
combined cycle
for BIEP at BP’s
Bulwer Island
refinery, Australia
Page 4
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Siemens Industrial Power:
Industrial Turbines for all Your Needs
Gas Turbines
 Gas turbines for power generation,
combined heat & power and mechanical
drives for all industrial applications.
 Small gas turbines from 5 up to 13 MW
 Medium gas turbines from 18.5 up to 50 MW
Steam Turbines
 Steam turbines for power generation,
combined heat & power and mechanical
drives for all industrial applications
 Various design paradigms including:
• Pre–designed steam turbines up to 10 MW
• Industrial steam turbines up to 250 MW
Page 5
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Global Power market –
Demand for Power is steadily growing
37,100
Power generation mix
worldwide, in TWh
+2.8% p.a.
22,100
4%
16%
13%
Renewables
15%
Water
11%
Nuclear
24%
Gas
3%
Oil
34%
Coal
13%
22%
61%
4%
41%
67%
2030
2011
Fossil fuels remain the backbone - Renewables gain in importance
Source: Siemens
Page 6
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Gas Turbines < 60 MW in CHP
The Global Picture (1993-2012)
Asia
30%
Europe
34%
Africa
1%
MW
GT orders 1993-2012
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
'93-'97
America
North
17%
CIS
11%
Middle East
4%
America
Latin
3%
Africa
Asia
CIS
´98-´02
'03-´07
America Latin
Europe
'08-12
America North
Middle East
20000
 The total market has been declining but it is
slowly recovering
15000
MW
 GT based CHP < 60 MW - mainly used in
Europe, USA and in Asia (SE Asia, Japan,
India), lately also in emerging markets
10000
5000
0
'93-'97
´98-´02
'03-´07
'08-12
Poly. (World)
Page 7
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Conventional Energy Supply
Central electricity generation
and distribution through grid
Waste heat from power
generation is emitted
with exhaust gases
Power plant
Page 8
Local production of heat
with fossil fuel
Conventional energy supply:
Less efficient, more emissions
Residential area
June 2013
Industry
Siemens Energy Sector
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or Cogeneration
Medium-voltage
power grid connection
Local electricity
Simultaneous
production of power
generation
and heat
from a single fuel source
Combined Heat and Power:
More efficient and lower emissions
due to the recovery of waste heat
Power plant
Page 9
Residential area
June 2013
Industry
Residential
Local power
area plant Industry
Siemens Energy Sector
CHP Benefits
Environmental protection
The high overall thermal efficiency of cogeneration
minimizes the production of carbon dioxide. Other
exhaust emissions can be controlled by the use of
low emission combustion technology
Profitability
Energy costs can be a high proportion of the
product cost in many industries. CHP can help
reduce the energy costs by up to 30%
Security of Supply
CHP can increase the reliability of power supply.
Production processes need to avoid unscheduled
shutdown
Page 10
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
CHP: The drivers
Business Drivers
Improving spark spread ; energy cost :
Gas/Oil prices Vs Electricity prices.
Growing gas supply diversity and network.
Energy cost
Security of supply
Environmental
image
Shale Gas, Landfill and other Bio gases.
Security of energy supply.
Legal/Environmental Drivers
Climate change and reduction of emissions
Government / EU Energy Directives - Reduced emissions of CO2.
Reduced emissions of NOx, particles, UHC, etc.
National production subsidies.
Reduction of
greenhouse gases
National tax exemptions or investment incentives.
and other emissions
Incentives
CCL.
Page 11
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Steam Raising Applications
Based on SGT-100 Gas Turbine
Condensing
Steam
Turbine
69.5 %
14 %
Exhaust
Power Output
53 %
9.5 %
Steam Output
37.5 %
By-pass
Stack
6.0 %
GT Power Output 30.0 %
Exhaust Loss
14 %
ST Power Output 9.5 %
Low Grade Heat 37.5 %
Output
TOTAL. 91 %
Difference is due to
Gear, Generator, vent
and Oil System losses
Damper
Exhaust Heat
Power Output
Boiler Feed Fuel
WaterGas Input
30.0 %
Page 12
100 %
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Steam Raising Applications
Based on SGT-100 Gas Turbine
Condensing
Steam
Turbine
400 OC
42 bar g
Power Output
9.5 %
100 OC
126 OC
Exhaust
Steam Output
60 OC
103OC
By-pass
Stack
Damper
544 OC
Power Output
Fuel Gas Input
30.0 %
Page 13
Boiler Feed Water
100 %
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Tri-generation Installation
Network support – Riverbay Co-op Development
“Hurricane Sandy hit Co-op City
about as hard as it hit most
anywhere else in New York City,
but everybody in Co-op City had
power before, during and after the
storm, ” said Community Principal,
Herb Freedman
The Scheme provides:Riverbay Co-Op Development (New York)
 electricity, heating and cooling for 60,000 residents in
the Bronx area of New York.
Co-op City is located in the northeast of New York
and comprises 14,000 apartment units, 35 high-rise
buildings, 8 parking garages, 3 shopping centres and
6 schools
Page 14
 40 MW electrical power is produced by two SGT-400
gas turbines and SST-300 steam turbine.
 Up to 16MW of electricity not used locally enters the
New York power grid.
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Tri-generation Installation
Network support – Riverbay Co-op Development
Power Export
Co-op Power Use
HP Steam
SST 300
40.0 MW
12.47 kV
Exhaust
11.5% Waste Heat
Steam
Turbine
Damper
Power Output
By-pass
Stack
Exhaust
Heat
17% Heat to
Electricity
SGT 400
LP Steam
Cooling Water
Flow
Boiler Feed
Water
17.5 % Heat to
Electricity
Exhaust
Fuel Gas
Input
11.5% Waste Heat
Damper
Exhaust
Heat
Power Output
Cooling Water
Return
Absorption
By-pass
Stack
Chiller
SGT 400
Condensate
Boiler Feed
Water
17.5 % Heat to
Electricity
Page 15
Fuel Gas
Input
June 2013
100 % Heat as Fuel Gas
Chilled Water
Flow
Chilled Water
Return
25% Usable Heat
Siemens Energy Sector
Option 1 Maximum Electrical Generation
Breather
Vent Air Outlet
Oil Cooler
Combined Combustion Inlet
Air & Vent HEPA Air Filter
By-Pass
Stack
Silencer
Boiler
Stack
Roof Line
Make-up Tank
Silencer
Deaerator
Silencer
Diverter
Valve
Waste Heat
Steam
Generator
SGT 100-1 Gas Turbine Generating Set
Fire Panel
Boiler Feed Water Pumps
Fuel Gas Compressor Air Compressor
SST-110 Steam Turbine Generating
Set
Battery
Room
Switchgear
Room
Control
Room
Water Treatment
To District Heating (16 bar g,100
OC)
Condenser
From District Heating (8 bar g, 60
OC)
Condensate Return
Pumps
Page 16
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Option 2 Maximum Heat Generation
Breather
Vent Air Outlet
Oil Cooler
Combined Combustion Inlet
Air & Vent HEPA Air Filter
By-Pass
Stack
Silencer
Boiler
Stack
Roof Line
Make-up Tank
Silencer
Silencer
SGT 100-1 Gas Turbine Generating Set
Diverter
Valve
Waste Heat
Hot Water
Generator
Water Treatment
Fire Panel
From District Heating (8 bar g,60 OC)
Fuel Gas Compressor
Air Compressor
To District Heating (16 bar g,100 OC)
Battery
Room
Switchgear
Room
Page 17
Control
Room
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Heat Transmission & Distribution Network
Heat production from Heat
Only Boilers maybe needed
2000 m
800 m
500 m
700 m
CHP Plant
500 m
HOB Plant
Shops
Housing
Shops
750 m
Thermal Storage for full
or partial storage (load
levelling) maybe needed
Housing
Factory
800 m
Heat Interface Unit
Housing
Housing
Housing
Housing
Housing
Page 18
June 2013
Housing
Factory
Main
Housing
Main
Shops
Main
Factories
Distance
m
1600
1600
2600
1000
4000
1500
Pressure
Loss Pa/m
Pressure Loss
bar
100
250
100
250
100
250
1.6
4.0
2.6
2.5
4.0
3.75
Total Loss
bar
5.6
5.1
7.75
Siemens Energy Sector
Indirect Domestic Heat Interface Unit
PI Pressure Indicator
TE
TI Temperature Indicator
Domestic Hot
Water
TE Thermal Element
FE Flow Element
Filter
Isolating Valve
Modulating Valve
Double Check
Valve
Relief Valve
District Hot
Water Flow
& Return
Room
Thermostat
Heat
Meter
Drain Valve
Controller
PI TI
TE
TE
FE
PI TI
Domestic Cold
Water (Mains)
PI
Filling Loop
TE
Central
Heating
District heating supply temperature can be as high as 100 OC minimising flow rate and hence pipe sizes.
Page 19
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Performance Summary SGT- 100- 1S
Power Generated
kW
Power Used (Run)
kW
Gas Turbine at 15OC
5242
Gas Turbine
55.9
Steam Turbine
1700
Steam Turbine
28.4
Total Power Generated
6942
Auxiliaries
497
Total District Heat
6527
System Usage
Cycle efficiency
76.5%
Operation at 15OC
kW
Power Generated
6942.0
Power Used
Power for Export
581.3
581.3
6360.7
Study assumes all power is
sold to a power company
For Wind Farms the ratio is 1
kW per Home with the Grid
taking up the peak loads
Page 20
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Performance Summary SGT 400
Power Generated
Gas Turbine at 15OC
Steam Turbine
kW
14049
4160
Power Used (Run)
Gas Turbine
73.2
Steam Turbine
28.4
497
Total Power Generated
18209
Auxiliaries
Total District Heat
13899
System Usage
Cycle efficiency
80.1%
Operation at 15OC
Power Generated
Power Used
Power for Export
kW
598.6
kW
18209.0
589.6
17610.4
Study assumes all power is
sold to a power company
For Wind Farms the ratio is 1
kW per Home with the Grid
taking up the peak loads
Page 21
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Possible Incremental Efficiency Improvements
Low grade heat recovery
Source
Amount
Use
Cooling air from the
generators
Heat available is approximately
2% of the generated power
Space heating
Ventilation air
Heat available is approximately
2% of the generated power
Space heating via an air/air heat
exchanger
Oil coolers coolant water
Heat available is approximately
2½% of the generated power
Pre-heat boiler make-up water
Page 22
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Payback Period
SGT 100-1S Scheme
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hardware
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
£6,601,500
Building +
Costs
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£3,484,500
£394,400
£788,800
£1,183,200
£1,577,600
£1,972,000
£2,366,400
£2,760,800
£3,155,200
£3,549,600
£3,944,000
Fuel Cost
£4,086,825
£8,173,650
£12,260,475
£16,347,300
£20,434,125
£24,520,950
£28,607,775
£32,694,600
£36,781,425
£40,868,250
Total Cost
£14,567,225
£19,048,450
£23,529,675
£28,010,900
£32,492,125
£36,973,350
£41,454,575
£45,935,800
£50,417,025
£54,898,250
£5,899,422
£11,798,844
£17,698,266
£23,597,688
£29,497,110
£35,396,532
£41,295,954
£47,195,376
£53,094,798
£58,994,220
2.4693
1.6144
1.3295
1.1870
1.1015
1.0445
1.0038
0.9733
0.9496
0.9306
O&M
Income
Payback -Years
Simple Payback in just over 7 years
SGT 400 Scheme
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hardware
£12,264,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
£11,724,750
Building +
Costs
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£4,384,250
£422,500
£845,000
£1,267,500
£1,690,000
£2,112,500
£2,535,000
£2,957,500
£3,380,000
£3,802,500
£4,225,000
Fuel Cost
£9,305,100
£18,610,200
£27,915,300
£37,220,400
£46,525,500
£55,830,600
£65,135,700
£74,440,800
£83,745,900
£93,051,000
Total Cost
£26,376,600
£35,564,200
£45,291,800
£55,019,400
£64,747,000
£74,474,600
£84,202,200
£93,929,800
£103,657,400
£113,385,000
Income
£14,063,304
£28,126,608
£42,189,912
£56,253,216
£70,316,520
£84,379,824
£98,443,128
£112,506,432
£126,569,736
£140,633,040
1.88
1.26
1.07
0.98
0.92
0.88
0.86
0.83
0.82
0.81
O&M
Payback -Years
8
9
10
Simple Payback in less than 4 years
Payback calculations ignore amortisation, inflation, cost escalation and any grants
June 2013
Page 23
Siemens Energy Sector
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Power
Max & Min Temperature (1971 – 2000)
at Waddington(68 m amsl)
40
Export Power - kW
Export
Power - kW
6500
6000
5500
-5
Average Daily Total Consumption - kWh
5000
-10
Page 24
Max
Min
Extreme Max
Extreme Min
30
7000
Temperature Deg - C
Power
NetPower
- kW
Net
- kW
7500
0
5
10
15
20
Ambient
Temperature
Deg
Ambient
Temperature
– Deg
CC
2
25
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
1
Jan
2
3
4
5
6
7
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Month
8
9
10
11
12
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Detached
Semi-detached
1.8
Terrrace
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
1
2
3
June 2013
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Siemens Energy Sector
Summary – CHP high efficiency, cost effective, secure and proven
Combined heat and power installations using gas turbines are well proven and
widely used across process, manufacturing industries and District Heating
worldwide.
Gas turbines are the key to high efficiency CHP solutions. Waste heat is
predominantly ejected through exhaust. This can be harnessed for steam
production.
 Gas Turbines are capable of accepting base load whilst still providing
acceptably high availability and reliability. Further enhancing security of power
supply.
We believe district hot water and heating is cost effective for new build projects
such as housing, swimming pools, hotels and commercial buildings.
Not so easy for existing especially old housing, due to cost of retrospective
installation.
Page 25
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Summary – Savings and Improvements
CHP gives cost savings with potential short payback periods.
Matching the combination of units to optimise efficiency and financial return.
Ducted hot air for adjacent buildings.
Management of heat use from coolers and condensers will push efficiency up.
Power utilised locally and exported.
Large reduction in use of fossil fuel, to reduce carbon profile through efficiency
and use of alternative gas sources (biogas from green waste, landfill gas from
refuse, coke oven gas etc.).
Page 26
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
Thank you!
Geraldine Roy
Proposals Manager - FEED
E O IP
T (0)1522 58 6819
geraldine.roy@siemens.com
Richard Williamson
Framework Support Manager – FEED
EOIP
(0)1522 58 4213
Richard.t.williamson@siemens.com
Po Box 1
Lincoln
United Kingdom
© Siemens AG, 2012
Fuel Flexibility in Gas Turbines
BIOMASS &
COAL GASIFICATION
3.5
Other gas
High Hydrogen
Refinery Gases
Associated Gas
37
Landfill & Sewage
Gas
49
65
LPG
Siemens Diffusion
Off-shore lean
Well head gas
IPG Ceramics
Operating
Experience
Off-shore rich gas
Siemens DLE Units operating
DLE Capability Under
Development
Pipeline
Quality NG
Low Calorific
Value (LCV)
10
Page 28
Medium Calorific Value (MCV)
20
June 2013
‘’Normal’’
30
40
50
Wobbe Index (MJ/Nm³)
High Calorific Value
(HCV)
60
SIT Ltd.
Definition
70
Siemens Energy Sector
SGT–300, Fuel Flexibility with Low Emissions
University of New Hampshire (UNH)
 7.6 MW electrical power output
 35 MWth steam output
 Overall CHP efficiency >77%
 Tri-fuel: Nat Gas or Nat Gas/Landfill Gas blend
(Gas Wobbe Index range 32 to 49 MJ/Nm3) or
Liquid Fuel
 Low Emissions to atmosphere: Nox > 15 ppmv
 Ambient temperature: -28OC to +32OC
The cogeneration plant provides: 95% of steam demand
 75% of electrical load
 Fuel efficiency of nearly 80%
 30% reduction in Nox & 60% Sox
Page 29
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
SGT–300, Fuel Flexibility with Low Emissions
University of New Hampshire (UNH)
Page 30
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
BBC Television Centre - London
BBC Television Centre, Wood Lane, London
The Scheme provides:-
The Centre provides studio, production and office facilities
 electricity, heating and cooling for the complex
for its operations in the UK and abroad.
 4.9 MW electrical power is produced by a dual fuel, low
There is a continual demand for heating and electrical
power from the offices, post-production areas, computer
suites and studio lighting
emissions SGT-100-1S gas turbine.
 Unfired waste heat steam generator produces 11,000
kg/h of 3.8 bar g steam.
 Standby power ( Auto switch to Island Mode)
Page 31
June 2013
Siemens Energy Sector
BBC Television Centre - London
Exhaust
Steam
Output
Steam
Output
Steam
Output
Air
Air
Air
Forced
Draught
Fan
Forced
Draught
Fan
Forced
Draught Fan
Boiler Feed Water
Hot Standby Boiler
Cold Standby Boilers
Import/Export
From/To Grid
Exhaust
Steam Output
11 kV
Power
Output
4.15 MW
By-pass
Stack
Peak Demand
7 MW
SGT 100-1S
Chilled Water
Return
Chilled Water
Flow
Absorption
Absorption
Chiller
Damper
Absorption
Chiller
Absorption
Chiller
Chiller
Fuel Gas Input
Page 32
June 2013
Boiler Feed Water
Water
Conditioning
Make Up
Water
Siemens Energy Sector
SGT-400 Industrial Gas Turbine
CHP Installation - Wastewater Treatment plant
Psyttalia
1 x SGT-400 generator set with WHRU
In Commercial operation since 2007
Page 33
June 2013
 EU granted €40 million of funding for the
Ministry of Public works to commission a
new sludge-drying plant on the island ,
fuelled by natural gas
Siemens Energy Sector