Menes (aka Narmer)
First to unite Upper & Lower Egypt
Established capital city of Memphis
between them
Djoser
Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid
Sneferu’s Red Pyramid
Khufu’s ivory statue – only 3 inches
Khufu’s Great Pyramid had changes to
try to prevent robbery – failed !
Khafre
Khafre’s pyramid and Sphinx
Ahmose I
Ahmose I fighting Hyksos
Ahmose I battle ax with bronze blade
Ahmose I mummy
Thutmose III
Thutmose III mummy – Did he get the
last laugh on his step-mom
Hatshepsut?
Hatshepsut – first a regent; then the
only female pharaoh!
Hatshepsut’s temple – Who really
scratched off her name?
Hatshepsut’s mummy – identified by
DNA from a missing tooth found
separately
Akhenaton
Akhenaton & Queen Nefertiti holding
their 2 daughters under Aton
Akhenaton’s One God - Aton
Tutankhamen - too young to do great
deeds as a pharaoh so why so famous?
Tut’s tomb in Valley of the Kings was
hidden by rubble from a tomb above it
Looking inside chambers of Tut’s tomb
Howard Carter saw “wonderful
things.”
Three layers of coffins & a mask
Tut’s internal organs were well
protected
More Tut treasures
Tut jewelry
Tut thrones
Tut loved to hunt & maybe fight
Ramses II – more monuments than any other
pharaoh (supposedly because he put his name
on other pharaohs’ monuments too)
Ramses II mummy
Ramses II’s Abu SimbelStatues were larger than life to
reinforce pharaoh’s status
Abu Simbel in pieces
Abu Simbel in danger
Abu Simbel inside
Abu Simbel – sunlight reaches the
gods in the back only twice a year
Abu Simbel reassembled
Cleopatra VII
In the movies
In reality
Julius Caesar and Cleopatra
Marc Antony and Cleopatra