MACROMOLECULES

Describe in detail what you see in the
diagram. (Minimum 3 sentences)
The digestive process is occurring. In
order for organisms to live and
function they require energy. Eating
and digesting food provides the body
with chemical energy in the form of
ATP.
Biomolecules
You are what you eat!
Agenda
1.
Carbohydrates
2.
Proteins
3.
Lipids
4.
Comparing biomolecues
5.
Constructing glucose molecules
CARBOHYDRATES
1.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates aka…
Sugar
Carbs
Starch
How does our body break
down this bread?
Breaks down into
microscopic molecules
Loaf of bread
Monosaccharide
Bread crumbs
Polysaccharide
Disaccharide
Structure
Many
Sugar
Polysaccharide
Structure
Two
Sugar
Di saccharide
Structure
One
Sugar
Monosaccharide
Function

Provide QUICK energy to the body!
Challenge:
Loaf of bread
Monosaccharide
Explain what you think is happening here.
(at least 3 sentences)
Bread crumbs
Polysaccharide
Disaccharide
The diagram shows a picture of bread (starch). It also maps
out the break down of carbohydrates from their most
complex form (polysaccharide) to their least complex
(monosaccharide). This process is called hydrolysis.
LIPIDS
Breaks down into
microscopic molecules
Fats, oils, waxes, steroids
LOOK FOR THE “E”
Monomer:
3 fatty acids + glycerol
Function

Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen (few
oxygen)

Fat best method of STORING

forms cell membranes

Insulates nerve cells (myelin)

Insulates body (maintains homeostasis)
How are complex
carbohydrates formed and
broken down?
Dehydration Synthesis

Combining single compounds into a complex one by removing water
monosaccharide + monosaccharide ----> disaccharide + water
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ----> C12H22O11 + H2O
(Process forms disaccharides & polysaccharides)
Hydrolysis

Addition of WATER to a compound SPLITS it
disaccharide + H2O ---> monosaccharide + monosaccharide
C12H22O11 + H2O ---> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Challenge:
Describe what you see (at least 3 sentences)
This is an amino acid.
It is the monomer for a
protein. It contains C,
H, O and N. It has 3
groups: an amino
group, an R-group, and
a carboxyl group. The
R-group is considered a
variant group because it
changes.
Proteins aka….
Whey
Protein
Meat
Polypeptide
Peanut
butter
Breaks down into
microscopic molecules
Polypeptide
Meat
Amino Acid
Monomer: amino acid
Polymer: polypeptide
Monomer: Amino Acids
•Contains C, H, O, N
•20 types
•Has both hydrophobic
& hydrophylic ends
•Differ in R-group
•R-group can be acidic,
basic or neutral
•Makes polypeptide
then makes proteins
Polymer: Polypeptide
(peptide means bond)
•Formed by
dehydration
synthesis
•Sequence
determined by
DNA
•3-D and folds to
take up less space
Function of Proteins

Provides us with building
blocks for life!

Also regulate most functions
in a cell.

Glycoproteins (antigens)

Combines w/DNA to form
chromosomes

Turns genes on and off

Antibodies (fights disease)
Function of Proteins

Provides structure &
strength (fibers)

Transports molecules in &
out cells

Hemoglobin (transports O2)

Enzymes (speeds up rxns)has –ase suffix

Acts as hormones (insulin)many proteins have suffix
of -in
Bellringer: Describe in detail what you see in
the diagram. (minimum 3 sentences)
This is a picture of
ATP. ATP is one
type of polymer of a
nucleic acid. It is
made of adenine,
sugar, and 3
phosphate groups.
Nucleic Acids

Contains C, H, O, N, P

Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES

Nucleotides consist of 3 parts:
1. 5-Carbon Sugar
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases
In DNA:
C-G
A-T
In RNA:
C-G
A-U

5 types

Cytosine

Guanine

Adenine

Thymine (in DNA
only)

Uracil (in RNA only)

Purines or pyrimidines
Nucleotides:
5-carbon sugar and phosphate group
deoxyribose

2 types of sugars
 Ribose (in RNA only)
 Deoxyribose (in DNA
only)

Phosphate group
 Contains phosphorus &
oxygen

Polymer: polynucleotide
ribose
Function
Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
 contains
the genetic code
 stores
& transmit
heredity/genetic information
 found
in the nucleus
(mitochondria)
 Double
helix)
stranded (double
Function
Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Carries info from DNA
to cell

Helps in protein
synthesis

found in ribosomes &
nucleoli

Single stranded
Polypeptide: ATP
 Contains
adenine, ribose
sugar, 3 phosphates
 Stores
and releases energy
Concept Map
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Concept Map
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
which contain
which contain
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Carbon,
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
Which biomolecule has the
most energy!?
C-H bonds

Count the number of C-H bonds in
your monosaccharide picture.

Count the number of C-H bonds in
your saturated or unsaturated bond
picture

Which biomolecule (carbs or fats)
have more C-H bonds?
The number of C-H bonds
= the amount of energy
The
more C-H bonds a
biomolecule has, the more energy
it has!
Fats
have the most energy
because they have the most C-H
bonds!
Video clips:

Burning Marshmallow

Oil lamp

Cooking Oil Car
CHALLENGE!

Which popular plant process forms glucose?
Photosynthesis

Which elements form a glucose molecule?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

Create a polymer using dehydration synthesis process.
C6H12O6