GENETICS
THURSDAY
12/3
WHO IS GREGOR MENDEL?
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmSJGhPTB5E
• Make sure you know:
• Who is Gregor Mendel?
• What was Gregor Mendel’s background?
• What was Gregor Mendel’s contribution to science?
USE A HIGHLIGHTER TO REVIEW THE PREPRINTED GENETICS NOTES
• As you go through, jot down questions you have.
BASIC GENETICS
• On a piece of paper, write the following terms and then describe the
relation between or the difference between the terms.
1. DNA, gene and allele
2. Dominant vs. Recessive
3. Phenotype vs. Genotype
4. Heterozygous vs. Homozygous
5. Purebred vs. Hybrid
• Punnett Squares
6 POSSIBLE CROSSES
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6oBXDkDRocY
• Complete the 6 possible crosses
• Both Parents are Dominant
• Three ways both parents could be dominant. What are they?
• Both Parents are Recessive
• One way both parents could be recessive. What is it?
• One Parent is Recessive and the other is Dominant
• Two ways one parent could be recessive while the other is dominant. What are they?
ONCE YOU’VE THE PUNNETT SQUARE DETERMINE THE PHENOTYPIC RATIO
Phenotypic ratio is the ratio of dominant offspring to recessive offspring.
It is Written
# of dominant : # of Recessive
FRIDAY
12/4
GENOTYPIC VS PHENOTYPIC RATIO
• A genotypic ratio is the ratio of
RR : Rr : rr
• A phenotypic ratio is the ratio of Dominant: Recessive
• Complete a Punnett Square for a purebred brunette and a hybrid brunette
• Then write the genotypic and phenotypic ratios
PENNY FOR YOUR PROBABILITY
• Each time MEIOSIS creates a sperm or egg cell, the product is a flip of the coin.
• If an individual is heterozygous: Rr; there is a 50% chance the gamete will receive a ‘R’
and 50% it will receive a ‘r’
• Each fertilization is unique and does not affect future mixes.
• Does the existence of prior offspring affect the probability of traits in future offspring?
• Example: Complete a Punnett Square for two individuals- Rr and rr
• 1. What is the phenotypic ratio of the cross?
• 2. What is the genotypic ratio of the cross?
• 3. What is the chance their child will be rr?
• 4. If the couple has a second child, what is the chance he/she will be rr?
• Complete the Penny for your Probability Activity with a partner (you will need a
worksheet from your teacher)
BIKINI BOTTOMS GENETICS
• Remember your definitions. If something comes up look back to the genetics notes
• Complete the Bikini Bottoms Genetics Worksheet (get from the teacher)
COMPLETE A DIHYBRID CROSS
• Di = two
• The Punnett Squares we’ve been doing are MONOhybrid crosses
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvTt-azvHsA
• Then complete the practice problems on the next slide on a piece of lined notebook
paper.
MONDAY
12/7
ANYTHING ON SLIDES FROM HERE UNTIL YOU REACH THE TUESDAY SLIDE NEEDS TO
BE COMPLETED
IF YOU DO NOT GET TO SOMETHING, IT IS HOMEWORK!!!
DISCUSS ANY HOMEWORK QUESTIONS
• Talk with your neighbors and check your answers from last night’s homework
DIHYBRID CROSSES
• REVIEW ANY NOTES YOU TOOK ABOUT DIHYBRID
CROSSES (from Friday’s class)
• If you don’t remember, go back and watch the video
which is a few slides back.
COMPLETE THE PRACTICE PROBLEM BELOW
ON A PIECE OF LINED NOTEBOOK PAPER THEN
CHECK YOUR ANSWER ON THE NEXT SLIDE
1. Set up a punnett square using the following information:
Dominate allele for tall plants = D
Recessive allele for dwarf plants = d
Dominate allele for purple flowers = W
Recessive allele for white flowers = w
Cross a homozygous dominate parent (DDWW) with a homozygous
recessive parent (ddww)
What will the offspring look like?
ANSWER
• All offspring will be heterozygous for both traits (DdWw) and their phenotype will be
Tall and Purple flowers.
COMPLETE THE PRACTICE PROBLEM BELOW
ON A PIECE OF LINED NOTEBOOK PAPER THEN
CHECK YOUR ANSWER ON THE NEXT SLIDE
2. Set up a punnett square using the following information:
Dominate allele for black fur in guinea pigs = B
Recessive allele for white fur in guinea pigs =b
Dominate allele for rough fur in guinea pigs = R
Recessive allele for smooth fur in guinea pigs = r
Cross a heterozygous parent (BbRr) with a heterozygous parent
(BbRr)
What will the offspring look like?
ANSWER
Genotype
Phenotype
Frequency
BBRR
BBRr
BbRR
BbRr
black, rough fur
9/16 = 56%
BBrr
Bbrr
black, smooth fur
3/16
bbRR
bbRr
white, rough fur
3/16
bbrr
white, smooth fur
1/16
POLYGENICS
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gouqTq5p168
• Brainstorm 10 traits and check
• Polygenics with your neighbor and come up with a list of traits you
think could be polygenic
• Then research them on the internet and determine if your
brainstorming produced any.
• Make sure you have ten traits written down and then next to them
affirm or reject them as polygenic traits
MULTIPLE ALLELES
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XmYVF0rwKU
• Discuss Multiple Alleles with your neighbor then together complete
the question below
• The possible genotypes of a man with blood type B are BB or BO
and the genotype of a woman with blood type AB is AB. The child
would receive an A allele or a B allele from the mother and a B
allele or an O allele from the father. Complete BOTH possible
Punnett Squares for the two individuals offspring. Then check
your answer on the next slide.
ANSWER
CHILD COULD POTENTIALLY HAVE
A, AB, OR B BLOOD TYPE
• A= A blood type
• B= B blood type
• i= O bloodtpye
TODAY YOU’VE STUDIED EXCEPTIONS TO
MENDELIAN GENETICS
Non-Mendelian Genetics are things that are not as straight
forward as dominant and recessive.
Examples of this are Multiple alleles, polygenics and the next
two:
• Codominance- Spotting
• Incomplete Dominance- Blending
CODOMINANCE = SPOTTING
• If you have two distinct traits that are not completely dominant, but instead
codominant, they will share equally and you will see spotting in the phenotype.
• Examples of this:
CODOMINANCE PRACTICE
1) Cross a white chicken with a black rooster.
ANSWER
• 1) Cross a white chicken (WW) with a black rooster (BB)
• Answer: 0 Black: 0 White: 4 Speckled
NOW CROSS THE F1 GENERATION FROM
THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLE… YES ITS INCEST
• RW x RW
ANSWER
• 1) Cross a speckled chicken (BW) with a speckled rooster (BW)
• Answer: 1 Black: 1 White: 2 Speckled
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
• If you have two distinct traits that are not completely dominant, but instead
incomplete dominant, they will bleed into one another and you will see blending in
the phenotype.
• Examples of this:
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE PRACTICE
1) Cross a white flower with a pink flower
ANSWER
• 1) Cross a white flower (aa) with a pink flower (Aa)
• Answer: 0 Red: 2 White: 2 Pink
PRACTICE CODOMINANCE AND
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
• Get an Oompa Loompa Worksheet from the teacher and complete it.
• Your homework for today is to complete EVERYTHING from today, including the
Oompa Loompa worksheet.
• If you finish everything early, work on your study guide
TUESDAY
12/8
ANYTHING ON SLIDES FROM HERE UNTIL YOU REACH THE WEDNESDAY SLIDE
NEEDS TO BE COMPLETED
IF YOU DO NOT GET TO SOMETHING, IT IS HOMEWORK!!!
DISCUSS ANY HOMEWORK QUESTIONS
• Talk with your neighbors and check your answers from last night’s homework
LAB ACTIVITY: FRANKENSTEIN
• Get a Packet from your teacher.
• Complete the Activity
• You will need:
• a partner
• a penny each
• coloring materials
• and a white piece of printer paper from the back of the room
SEX LINKED TRAITS NOTES
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jxwx_QTkmpY
• Take Notes On the sex linked power point on the website (LINK)
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPUjO08fI0A
• Make sure you know the definition of CARRIER (if you don’t, look it
up)
SEX LINKED TRAITS PUNNETT SQUARES
• Get a Packet from your teacher.
• Complete the Worksheet- you may use your neighbors
for help
PEDIGREES
• Take Notes On the pedigree power point on the website (LINK)
• Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wuk0W10EveU
TRY IT: HARD ONE
(ANSWER ON NEXT SLIDE)
• Mike, Kasie and Justin have freckles, but their mother, Susan, does
not. Susan’s husband, Kevin, has freckles. Susan’s sister, Kelli also has
freckles. Kelli’s parents, Andrew and Barbara are freckles also. Cindy
and Karen, Kelli’s daughters, have freckles, but their sister, Jill, does
not. Jill’s dad, Sam, doesn’t have freckles either.
ANSWER
IF YOU FINISH EARLY
• Work on your study guide and vocabulary
WAYS TO STUDY FOR TEST TOMORROW
• See the next two slides
• There is a study guide at the top of genetics page from
my website that you can skim over
• MEMORIZE the 6 possible crosses!
REVIEW RATIOS AND PROBABILITY
(OPTIONAL STUDYING)
• On a set of 6 Index Cards write the following:
• RR
• RR
• Rr
• Rr
• Rr
• Rr
• Mix these six index cards up (shuffle)
• Randomly draw two of the cards and quickly determine the
phenotypic ratio’s of the offspring
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENOTYPIC AND
PHENOTYPIC RATIO
(OPTIONAL STUDYING)
• Complete the same activity from the previous slide but
this time determine the Phenotypic Ratio
WEDNESDAY
12/9
PRACTICE PROBLEMS ON WHITE BOARDS
• Get a white board from the front of the room
• Listen to the teacher’s questions and write the answer on the
white board.
• DO NOT hold up your white board until you are instructed to
do so
• Please don’t write anything extra using the pens (conserve their ink, when they die I don’t have more)
REVIEW
• YOU HAVE 20 minutes to ask for help/review
• WHAT QUESTIONS DO YOU HAVE BEFORE THE TEST?
AFTER TEST
INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY
• BRAINSTORM what the following terms means:
• Biotechnology
• Selective Breeding
• How do the terms relate to one another?
• What are examples of the two terms?