Biology 1060
Chapter 5
The Structure and Function of
Macromolecules
Life’s Molecules
Define macromolecule, polymer, monomer
List the four main classes of biological
molecules
Discribe the unity among these
Building Macromolecules
Name and describe the reaction that
builds macromolecules
Name and describe the reaction that
destroys macromolecules
Discuss the ways each reaction is used in
an organism
Sugars
Differentiate between monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides
– Give examples of each
Discuss the various ways sugars are
distinguished from one another
Describe the uses of monosaccharides
and disaccharides
– Give examples of each
Polysaccharides
Describe the uses of polysaccharides
– Give examples of each
Describe the differences between
digestible and indigestible polysaccharides
Discuss the role of enzymes in digestion of
polysaccharides
Scientific Inquiry, p. 91
Lipids
Discuss how lipid structure differentiates
them from macromolecules
– Name the defining characteristics of lipids
Describe the structure of fats and how it
impacts their functions
Science, Technology, and Society, p.91
Lipids continued
Differentiate between
– cis and trans fats
– Saturated and unsaturated fats
Describe their relationships to health
Describe the functions of fats, their
formation and digestion
Phospholipids
Compare and contrast triglycerides and
phospholipids
Discuss how phospholipid structure is
related to their functions in cells
Steroids
Describe the structure of steroids
Describe the important functions of
steroids
Proteins
Table 5.1: overview of protein function
Describe the structure and components of
proteins
Discuss the functions of proteins and their
importance
Describe how protein sequences were first
discovered
Protein Structure and Function
Describe the levels of protein structure
– Describe the interactions at each level
List denaturing agents and discuss their
effects on proteins
Relate protein folding to protein function
Evolution Connection, p. 91
Nucleic Acids
Name the types of nucleic acids
– State their importance
Explain how nucleic acids control and
coordinate cell functions
Distinguish between the structures of
– Polynucleotides
– Nucleotides
– Nucleosides
Nucleotides
Distinguish between the classes of
nucleotides
– List the members of each class
Discuss how information is coded in DNA
Describe the structure of the DNA
molecule
– Describe complementary bases
– Discuss how they contribute to replication and
cellular reproduction
DNA and Proteins
Discuss how related organisms exhibit
similarity
Describe the evidences of evolutionary
relatedness
Discuss reductionism and emergent
properties
– Relate them to understanding of biological
phenomena