NAME: __________________________
“Organic” means a molecule
contains _______________
Carbons with different
elements join to make
_______________________
Since carbon has 4 valence
electrons it can make ______
bonds - great for bonding!
The three basic shapes of
carbon molecules
___________
___________
___________
Word Bank:
• Carbon
• Four
• Straight
• Macromolecules
• Monomers
• Branched
• Polymers
• Ring
Dehydration Synthesis
(Condensation Reaction)
Is how larger
molecules are
by
So bonds can be made
between
To build up
for example
Hydrolysis
Is how larger
molecules are
by
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So bonds in
Are broken down into
For example
Removing water
Polymers
Monomers
Adding water
Built up
Broken down
Starch glucose+
glucose+ glucose
Glucose +
fructose 
sucrose.
Carbohydrates
Foods
Used
for
Different
levels of
complexity
Means 1
sugar
Means 2
sugars
examples
v
examples
examples
v
v
v
Found in insect/lobster
chitin
Short term
energy storage
Fructose
v
Found in plants for
v
Glycogen
•
Sugar
•
Starch
Sucrose
•
Glucose storage
v
v
v
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Means
many sugar
Found in plants for Found in animals for
v
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Glucose
Lactose
Pasta
Glucose storage
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v
Structure
Energy
Galactose
Fruit
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Cellulose
Disaccharide
Cell wall
Polysaccharide
v
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Exoskeleton
Monosaccharide
Milk
Maltose
foods
Are used for
Lipids
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
All lipids are
(Which means they do
not mix with water)
3 groups or classes of
lipids are
v
Made of
v
and
Goes towards
the inside
away from
water
v
Which can be
v
v
Solid at room
temp, and
contains
Liquid at
room temp
and contains
v
v
Examples
v
v
v
v
have 4 fused rings
and makes up
Used for
v
Hormones
Examples
v
Goes towards
the outside
toward water
Component of
v
v
v
v
If there is too much it
can lead to
v
Lipid word bank:
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Oils
Triglyceride
Hydrophobic
Steroids
Cholesterol
Insulation
Cell membranes
Protection
Testosterone
Unsaturated
Butter
Waxes
Fatty acids
Estrogen
Saturated
Long term energy storage
Hormones
Component of cell membrane
fats
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Avocado
Phospholipids Bilayer
Glycerol
No double bonds between the carbons
Cardiovascular Disease ( Heart Disease)
Hydrophobic Tails
At least one double bond between the
carbons
Cell membrane
Hydrophilic Head
Chemical Signals
Nuts
Boundary that surrounds cells
Foods
Shape of protein
determines
Proteins
1.
2.
3.
4.
Used for
Made up of
When the shape
changes it is called
1.
2.
3.
Which can be
caused by
Which have the following
chemical structure(draw)
Build up by forming
Organized into 4
levels of structure
1°
The “R” group is the
variable side group
v
To form a protein which is
also known as
2°
3°
4°
1.
2.
Word bank for proteins:
• Peptide bonds
• polypeptide
• 20 amino acids
• Proteins
• Meat
• Hormones (chemical signals)
• Denature
• Folding of amino acids (alpha helix and beta sheets)
• pH
• Folding into 3D structure to get function
• Structure (hair and nails)
• Dairy
• Eggs
• Beans
• More than one polypeptide chain
• Function
• Temperature
• Enzymes
• Order of amino acids
• Determines how the protein will fold
Test for Organic Molecules
Use indicators To
Test for
Mixed with
Mixed with
+
Positive
results
Mixed with
Positive
results
Negative
results
Positive
results
On paper it will
Negative
results
Negative
results
Word Bank
• Biuret Solution
• Heat for 5 min
• Orange
• Proteins
• Stain red
• Make it look waxy
• Purple
• brown
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Blue
Benedict’s Solution
Starch
Simple
monosaccharaides
Iodine
Blue/black
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Lipids
Sudan IV
Black
Light orange
Carbohydrates
Enzymes
Are made
of
Effected by
It works by
They
function
as
What the enzyme binds
Causes
In binds in the area
called the
To
Leads to
•
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Active site
•
Denaturation
Loss of function •
Reduce activation
energy
Protein
Temperature
substrate
•
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pH
Catalyst
Speed up a reaction