11-5: Bell Ringer
Read the accomplishments below. Write the letter of the
name that matches each accomplishment.
A. Stan Watie B. Robert E. Lee C. George Meade
1. Led the Union army at the Battle of Gettysburg
2. Led Indian troops at the Battle of Pea Ridge
3. Won the Battle of Chancellorsville against superior
numbers of enemy troops
The Final Phase
The Main Idea
Southerners continued to hope for victory in 1864, but
military and political events caused those hopes to fade.
Reading Focus
• What tactics did Grant use against Lee to change the course of
the war?
• How did the election of 1864 affect Confederate hopes for victory
in the Civil War?
• How did the actions of Sherman and Grant help bring the war to
an end?
Grant versus Lee
• General Ulysses S. Grant
– Lincoln gave him command of Union armies
– Grant made William Tecumseh Sherman commander on
the western front
– Grant wanted to take advantage of the Confederate
shortages of men and supplies to end the war before the
November election.
– Ordered Sherman to “get into the interior of the enemy’s
country as far as you can and inflict all the damage you can
against their war resources”
• General Robert E. Lee
– South could not win the war, but a new president might
accept southern independence in return for peace.
– Lee planned to make the cost of fighting so high for the
North that Lincoln would lose the upcoming election.
Fierce Fighting
Wilderness
and
Spotsylvania
Grant kept his troops on the attack, winning the
Battle of the Wilderness and pushing south. The
Battle of Spotsylvania cost many casualties on
both sides, but Grant continued toward Richmond.
Cold Harbor
and
Petersburg
During the Battle of Cold Harbor men pinned
their names and addresses on uniforms for
identification. With this loss and after failing to
capture the rail center at Petersburg, Grant began
a siege of that city to put pressure on Richmond.
Sherman on
the move
Meanwhile, Sherman won the Battle of Atlanta
and laid siege to Atlanta’s defenses. He took the
city after closing down the last railroad line, one
month before the Union presidential elections.
Confederate Hopes Fade
Democrats nominated George McClellan and adopted a
party platform calling for an immediate end to the war.
Southerners found new hope, but the Republicans tried to
broaden Lincoln’s appeal by picking Tennessee’s Andrew
Johnson for the ticket. Lincoln expected to lose the election.
Sherman’s capture of Atlanta allowed Lincoln to easily
defeat McClellan. Congress passed the 13th Amendment
ending slavery, and the war seemed nearly over to all but
die-hard secessionists. Lincoln announced his intention to
be forgiving, but the bloody war continued.
The War Comes to an End
Sherman’s March
• After the election,
Sherman marched across
Georgia in what came to
be known as the March to
the Sea.
• Sherman cut a swath of
destruction 300 miles long
and 50–60 miles wide.
• After taking Savannah,
Sherman turned north
through South Carolina,
destroying civilian
property all along the way.
The fall of Richmond
• Lee only had 35,000
defenders at Petersburg,
and they were low on
supplies.
• Grant decided not to wait
for Sherman’s troops.
• Instead, he broke through
Lee’s defenses at
Petersburg and went on to
take Richmond.
• Lee tried to escape with
his few remaining troops,
but Grant blocked their
way.
Surrender at Appomattox
Lee and Grant
The war is over
• With Union forces
surrounding them, Lee
decided to surrender.
• News of Lee’s surrender
brought joyful celebrations
in the north.
• Grant presented the terms
of the surrender to Lee.
Extremely generous for
such a bloody conflict,
Lee’s troops merely had to
turn over their weapons
and leave.
• Lincoln requested “Dixie”
be played at the White
House.
• Grant announced, “The
war is over. The rebels are
our countrymen again.”
• The last of the
Confederate forces
surrendered on May 26,
1865.
• Sadly, President Lincoln
would not live to see the
official end of the war.
Effects of the Civil War
• Resulted in 618,000 deaths, 360,000 Union and 258,000
Confederate
• Produced large number of widows who began engaging in
careers or activities outside the home to support themselves
• Brought the emancipation of 4 million slaves
• Paved the way for the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th
amendments
• Was the first modern war with submarines, ironclads, explosive
shells and repeat rifles
• Demolished the antebellum way of life in the South.
• Caused economic ruin
Effects of the Civil War
• Produced a bitterness between Northerners and Southerners that
lasted for decades
• Contributed to increase ethnic tolerance in the North.
Immigrants such as Irish and German were more readily
accepted in a society because of their contribution to the war
• Established that states did not have the right to secede from the
Union
• Strengthened the central government, enabling it to grow into a
true nation-state and global power.
Activity Choices:
Use inspiration or an interactive word document to create a
timeline over important events and battles during the Civil
War.
Use the internet to find photos of the Civil War. Categorize
your photos by theme. Write a brief paragraph analyzing
why these photos illustrate this particular theme.
Not all Civil War nurses were women. Walt Whitman, the
poet, was a nurse during the C.W. Research methods used
by both sides to recruit volunteers and then develop your
own recruiting poster.
Activity Choices:
Create a map of Civil War Battles. Provide information
about the significance of each battle.
Research letters during the Civil War and write about your
findings and then write your own Civil War letter or diary
entry.
Civil War weapons and technology