Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Opposing Sides
Section 2: The Early Stages
Section 3: Life During the War
Section 4: The Turning Point
Section 5: The War Ends
Visual Summary
Content Vocabulary
• pillage
• mandate
Academic Vocabulary
• subordinate
• structure
Do you think that the Civil War was
necessary in order to end slavery?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
A
0%
B
Grant Versus Lee
During the final year of the war, Grant’s
forces battled Lee’s forces for control
of Virginia.
Grant Versus Lee (cont.)
• Grant fought Lee’s army in the Wilderness,
Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor.
• Stopped by Lee at Cold Harbor, Grant
ordered General Philip Sheridan to stage a
cavalry raid north and west of Richmond.
• While Sheridan’s troops distracted Lee,
Grant headed southeast, crossed the James
River, and then turned west toward
Petersburg.
Grant v. Lee, 1864–1865
Grant Versus Lee (cont.)
• The strength of the defenses the
Confederates had erected at Petersburg
intimidated the Union troops, so Grant
ordered his troops to put the city under
siege.
Grant v. Lee, 1864–1865
Capturing which city would cut the
only railroad line into Richmond?
A. Spotsylvania
B. Cold Harbor
C. Petersburg
D. Fredericksburg
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
The Union Advances
After the fall of Atlanta, General
Sherman led his troops across the
state of Georgia, causing mass
destruction along the way.
The Union Advances (cont.)
• On August 5, 1864, Admiral Farragut sealed
off Mobile Bay in Alabama.
• In late August 1864, Sherman’s troops
destroyed the rail lines by heating the rails
and twisting them into snarls of steel
nicknamed “Sherman neckties.”
• General B. Hood ordered his troops to
evacuate Atlanta.
The Union Advances (cont.)
• Sherman ordered all civilians to leave
Atlanta, and burnt down more than one-third
of the city.
• He then began his March to the Sea and
seized the city of Savannah.
• After reaching the sea, the troops marched
to South Carolina and pillaged everything in
front of them.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Why did Sherman’s troops march to South
Carolina?
A. To further destroy the South
B. South Carolina was considered
the home of the Confederacy.
C. Many people believed that South
Carolina started the Civil War.
D. To claim it for the Union
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C0%
D
C
0%
D
The South Surrenders
After Lee surrendered, Lincoln was
assassinated before the country had
agreed on the future of former slaves
and the defeated South.
The South Surrenders (cont.)
• To oppose Lincoln in the 1864 election, the
Democrats nominated General George B.
McClellan.
• Lincoln won reelection with 55% of the
popular vote, and interpreted his reelection
as a mandate to end slavery permanently by
amending the Constitution.
• On January 31, 1865, the Thirteenth
Amendment was added to the Constitution.
The South Surrenders (cont.)
• With his ragged and battered troops
surrounded and outnumbered, Lee
surrendered to Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse on April 9, 1865.
• Grant’s generous terms of surrender
guaranteed that the United States would not
prosecute Confederate soldiers for treason.
The South Surrenders (cont.)
• On the evening of April 14, 1865, Lincoln
went to Ford’s Theatre with his wife to see a
play.
− During the third act, John Wilkes Booth
slipped quietly behind him and shot the
president in the back of the head.
− Lincoln’s death shocked and saddened the
nation.
The South Surrenders (cont.)
• The North’s victory in the Civil War caused
many changes:
− It strengthened the power of the federal
government over the states.
− It transformed American society by finally
ending slavery.
− It left the South socially and economically
devastated.
The Cost of the Civil War
Which idea of Lincoln’s eventually
caused his death?
A. Freeing African Americans
D. Giving African Americans the
right to vote
0%
0%
D
A
B0%
C
D
C
A
C. Allowing African Americans
to attend school
A.
B.
0%
C.
D.
B
B. Including African Americans
in Southern state governments
pillage
to loot or plunder
mandate
authorization to act given to a
representative