Chapter 9
Section 5
The War Ends
Grant Versus Lee
During the final year of the war, Grant’s
forces battled Lee’s forces for control of
VA
From Wilderness to Cold Harbor
Grant determined to march southward,
attacking Lee’s forces, until the South
surrendered
First battle of campaign- Erupted in the
Wilderness. Lasted 2 days
Despite suffering heavy casualties, Grant
attacked again at Spotsylvania
Courthouse
From Wilderness to Cold Harbor
Warfare now continued without pause
Unable to break Lee’s lines at
Spotsylvania, Grant headed toward Cold
Harbor- strategic crossroads northeast of
Richmond
Grant launched an all-out assault at Cold
Harbor
Union- 7,000 casualties
Confederate- 1,500 casualties
The Siege of Petersburg
Stopped by Lee at Cold harbor, Grant
decided to use a plan similar to the one at
Vicksburg
General Sheridan ordered to stage a
cavalry raid north and west of Richmond
as a distraction
Petersburg was well defended
Full-scale frontal assault was suicidal
Grant put city under siege
Farragut Attacks Mobile
Farragut took 18 ships past 3 Confederate
forts
Led ships through a torpedo (mine) field
Destroyed Confederate fleet defending
Mobile Bay
Sealed off bay
Blockade runners moving goods in and out
of the deep south east of Mississippi could
no longer use any port on the Gulf of
Mexico
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman sent troops south around Atlanta
to destroy roads and railways leading into
city
Troops destroyed the rail lines by heating
the rails and twisting them- Nicknamed
“Sherman Neckties”
Confederate General Hood orders troops
to evacuate Atlanta to avoid being trapped
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman ordered all civilians to leave
Atlanta
Ordered troops to destroy everything of
military value- mills, warehouses,
factories, railroads, and machine shops
Fires set to structures quickly spread,
burning down more than 1/3 of the city
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Nov. 15, 1864- Sherman began his March
to the Sea
Troops cut path of destruction 60 miles
wide
Ransacked houses, burned crops, and
killed cattle
Dec. 21, 1864- reached coast and seized
Savannah
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman orders troops north into South
Carolina
The state that started the war to many
Union soldiers
Troops pillaged everything in front of them
12 town set on fire- Columbia the capital
The Election of 1864
Lincoln knew his success in the election
depended on the success of Grant &
Sherman
Lincoln feared that he would be beaten in
the election
General George McClellan was his
opponent in the election
McClellan promised to stop the hostilities
& open negotiations with the South to
restore the Union peaceably
The Election of 1864
Capture of Atlanta revitalized Northern
support for the war & Lincoln
Lincoln won the election
Lincoln interpreted the election as a
mandate to end slavery permanently by
amending the Constitution
Jan. 31, 1865- 13th Amendment- banning
slavery in U.S. narrowly passed the HOR
and was sent to states for ratification
Surrender
Sheridan forces cut railroad into
Petersburg at the Battle of Five Forks
Lee’s forces withdrew from city to escape
Grant’s forces
Sheridan’s cavalry blocked road at
Appomattox Courthouse
Lee’s troops failed to break through Union
forces
Surrender
Lee arranges surrender to Grant
Surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 at
Appomattox Courthouse
Grant allowed generous terms to the
South
U.S. would not prosecute Confederate
Soldiers for treason
Allowed Confederate soldiers to take their
horses home to put a crop in the field for
the next winter
Lincoln’s Assassination
April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assassinated at
Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
Aftermath of the Civil War
North’s victory strengthened the power of
the federal government over the states
Ended slavery
South was socially & economic devastated