Chapter 7 LEARNING
pp. 291-303
Define learningProvide an example of associate learning you have personally experienced.
Why do animals raised in captivity rarely produce self sustaining populations?
Define conditioning.
Explain the relationship between classical and operant conditioning.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
DefineUnconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Explain the process of- and provide an example of
Acquisition
extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalization
discrimination
How does higher order conditioning work?
How do cognitive processes and biological constraints affect classical conditioning? (discuss Garcia’s research on taste
aversion)
How do people’s emotional reactions to one stimulus generalize to other stimuli? Provide an example.
How do you distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli?
Summarize the biopsychosocial influences on learning.
Why does Pavlov’s work remain so important/relevant?
Discuss some practical applications of classical conditioning.
How have your emotions or behaviors been classically conditioned?
p. 304-308 OPERANT CONDITIONING
Contrast operant and classical conditioning.
State the law of effect.
Describe the technique of shaping using successive approximations.
Provide an example of how unpleasant behavior can be unintentionally reinforced .
Provide an example of:
negative reinforcement
primary reinforcers
conditioned or secondary reinforcers
Why do delayed reinforcers have less effect on behavior?
p. 308
Provide an explaination and example of
Continuous reinforcement
Partial reinforcement
Fixed ratio schedule
Variable ratio schedule
Fixed interval schedule
Variable ration schedule
How does punishment affect behavior?
Provide an explanation and example of
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Identify the four drawbacks of physically punishing children.
Explain how cognitive thoughts can play a role in behaviorism.
What is the unintended consequence of excessive rewards? Explain
Explain the statement: biological constraints predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive.
How might operant conditioning principles be applied
At school
In sports
At work
At home
p. 316
Compare classical and operant conditioning.
p. 317
Provide an example of observational behavior and modeling that you have experienced personally.
What is the role of mirror neurons in observational learning? Explain
Summarize Bandura’s experiment.
What is the impact of prosocial modeling and of antisocial modeling?