Test 2 Study Guide
Chapter 3 – Sensation and Perception
1.
Be able to define and contrast sensation and perception.
2.
What are absolute threshold, habituation, sensory adaptation, difference threshold and subliminal stimuli?
3.
What are our sensory receptors?
4.
The kinesthetic senses are concerned with ________.
5.
The vestibular senses are concerned with ________.
6.
What is the Figure-ground concept?
7.
What are the concepts of similarity, proximity, closure, and continuity?
8.
What is bottom-up processing and top-down processing?
Chapter 4 - Consciousness
9.
Consciousness
10.
What are circadian rhythms and what do they effect?
11.
What is Melatonin?
12.
What elements are present during a hypnotic induction?
13.
The key to hypnotic induction seems to be related to ________.
14.
What can hypnosis do and not do?
15.
Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis
16.
Psychoactive drugs are..?
17.
Drug tolerance, withdrawal, physical and psychological dependence.
18.
Function of stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogens.
19.
Know what types of drugs are in each class of drugs (e.g. caffeine is a stimulate, etc.).
20.
What neurotransmitters are associated with alcohol?
21.
Mescaline comes from ________?
22.
Know the stages of sleep and what typically happens in each.
23.
Be aware of the sleep disorders.
24.
The sleep-wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the ________.
25.
Why was Freud interested in dreams?
26.
What is the difference between the latent and manifest content?
27.
What are the symptoms of sleep deprivation?
28.
What is REM deprivation?
29.
What are three "helpful hints" to avoid insomnia?
Chapter 5 - Learning
30.
What is learning?
31.
What is conditioning?
32.
What is a stimulus?
33.
What is a response?
34.
What is motivation?
35.
What is classical conditioning?
36.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?

37.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
38.
What is an unconditioned response?
39.
What is a conditioned response?
40.
Be able to distinguish or list the UCS, UCR, CS, & CR from Pavlov’s experiment involving the meat and bell.
41.
What is Stimulus Generalization?
42.
What is Stimulus discrimination?
43.
What is Extinction?
44.
What is Spontaneous recovery?
45.
Be able to distinguish or list the UCS, UCR, CS, & CR from Watson’s experiment with Little
Albert involving the loud noise and the rat.
46.
How does our biological preparedness protect us from danger?
47.
What is a taste aversion?
48.
What is operant conditioning?
49.
What is a reinforcer?
50.
What is shaping?
51.
What is a positive reinforcement?
52.
What is a negative reinforcement? Be able to identify negative reinforcement in a scenario.
53.
What is punishment? Be able to identify punishment in a scenario.
54.
What are some of the problems with punishment?
55.
What is the difference between continuous and partial reinforcement scenarios?
56.
What is observational learning?
57.
What is modeling?
58.
What is learned helplessness?
Chapter 6 - Memory
59.
Definition of memory?
60.
Difference between encoding, storage and retrieval.
61.
Information processing model of memory
62.
Levels-of-processing model of memory
63.
Parallel distributed processing model of memory
64.
Three parts of the information-processing model of memory
65.
Selective attention
66.
Magic 7 and chunking
67.
Maintenance rehearsal & Elaborative rehearsal
68.
Which type of long-term memory is most resistant to loss with Alzheimer's disease?
69.
Types of amnesia
70.
Procedural vs. declarative memory
71.
Episodic vs. semantic memory
72.
Retrieval cues
73.
Encoding specificity
74.
Serial position effect
75.
Primacy and recency effect (proactive and retroactive)
76.
False positives in memory recall
77.
Forgetting theories: decay, encoding error,