Cells
Advanced Animal Science
Questions to ponder (sgpt)
• 1. What is a cell?
• 2. Are cells alive?
• 3. Where do cells come from?
Cell Theory
• A. All organisms are made of one or more
cells
• B. Cells are alike in their structure and
composition
• C. All cells carry out similar functions that
keep them alive
• D. New cells arise only from old cells, usually
by dividing into two equal parts at regular
intervals
• Have you ever seen a cell?
• Describe what you remember about it.
• Most cells are very, very small, so tiny that
they can only be seen with the aid of a
microscope. Your body is composed of billions
of cells!
• Within your body, cells have different
functions. We have blood cells, skin cells,
brain cells...the list goes on. Despite their
differences, cells in living organisms for the
most part have similar structures and
functions.
What are cells made of?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_i
d=annotation_937748&feature=iv&src_vid=LP
7xAr2FDFU&v=fKEaTt9heNM
• You may want to take notes!!
Handout
• Color the Plant and Animal Cells and give the
function of each of the organelles listed.
Plant Cells
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASYG1JQy
7K4
The differences between plant and
animal cells
PLANT CELLS
1. Cell wall
a.
Made of cellulose
b.
Gives support and shape
2. Plastids
a. Leucoplasts
(1) Colorless structures where glucose is
changed into starch
(2) Storage for starch, lipids or
proteins
b. Chromoplasts
(1) Manufacture and store pigments
(2) Give fruits, vegetables and leaves
their bright color
c. Chloroplasts
(1) Contain green chlorophyll
pigment
(2) Site of photosynthesis (food
production) in the plant cell
ANIMAL CELLS
1. Microtubules give the cell its shape
2. Centrioles
a. Located near nucleus
b. Function in cell division for
reproduction
Specialized Animal Cells
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8uXewS9
dJU
Blood cells
1. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen to cells and
carbon dioxide from cells
2. White blood cells--important in body defense
– a.
Phagocytic leukocytes flow to the infection site and engulf
the bacteria
– b.
Lymphocytes attack foreign cells directly or secrete an
enzyme that immobilizes foreign substances
– c.
Many white blood cells die while defending the body and
make up pus
3. Platelets--important in blood clotting
Nerve Cells
• Carry messages and direction throughout the
nervous system
Muscle Cells
1.Striated--Skeletal or voluntary muscle cells
(controlled by conscious choice)
2. Smooth--Involuntary muscle cells found in
the walls of the digestive tract, blood vessels,
urinary organs and reproductive organs
3.Cardiac--Conduct impulses within the heart
Bone Cells
Make up most of the skeleton on vertebrate
animals
Fat Cells
1.Make up fat (adipose tissue) which is
deposited around internal organs, between
muscle branches and under the skin
2.Supplies reserve energy when food supply is
scarce or sporadic
Gamete (Sex Cells)
• 1. Reproductive cell
• 2. An egg or sperm