Midterm Review
• What invention made the discovery of cells
possible, therefore, greatly contributing to the
cell theory
• Light Microscope
• Who invented the compound microscope and
looked at pond water?
• Anton Leeuwenhoek
• Who coined the term “cell”?
• Robert Hooke
• What was Rudolph Virchow’s contribution to
the cell theory?
• Cell come from pre-existing cells
• Who discovered that animals were made of
cells?
• Theodor Schwann
• Who discovered that plants were made of
cells?
• Matthias Schlieden
• What are the 3 parts to the cell theory? 3pts
• 1. All living things are made of cells
• 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function of living things.
• 3. Cells only come from preexisting cells.
• The following describes what type of cell:
– have no organelles, always unicellular. Ex-bacteria
• Prokaryotic
• The following describes what type of cell:
– Have organelles including a nucleus to store
genetic info., much larger than prokaryotes,
unicellular & multicellular. Ex- all cells, but
bacteria
• Eukaryotic
• Name 2 organelles that plant cells have that
animal cells do not.
• Chloroplasts
• Cell wall
• Name 2 functions of the cell membrane.
•
•
•
•
Maintain homeostasis
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Support
recognize foreign antigens (germs).
• What organic molecules make up cell
membranes?
• Phospholipids
• proteins
• What gives plasma membranes strength?
• Cholesterol
• True or False:
• Polar head attracts water and nonpolar tails
repel water.
• True
• True or False:
• Diffusion is the movement of particles from an
area of low concentration to an area of high
concentration
• False
• True or False:
• Facilitated diffusion is a form of active
transport
• False
• Endocytosis, exocytosis, and “pump” proteins
are all examples of what kind of transport?
• active
• Cells communicate using this kind of protein.
• Receptor
• What would a cell do in the following
environments:
• Hypertonic
• Hypotonic
• Isotonic
• Lysosomes to a body system.
• Digestive system
• What are cilia and flagella used for?
• Movement
What does this measure?
• Mass
• What is the metric unit for length?
• meter
• An explanation for a broad range of
observations, facts, and tested hypotheses is
called a________________.
• Theory
• What is the term for a statement of fact
meant to describe, in concise terms, an
action? It is generally accepted to be true and
universal.
• Law
• Name 3 characteristics of life. 3pts
•
•
•
•
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Growth and reproduction
Evolution
• Give an example of an abiotic factor and a
biotic. 2pts
• Abiotic: rock, water, pH
• Biotic: deer, humans, grass
• What is the climax community in Virginia?
• Hardwood forest (hickory and oak)
• What is an example of a pioneer species?
• Lichen (moss)
• What biome do we live in?
• Temperate forest
• Give an example of the following: pts
• Heterotroph
• Autotroph
• If rain seeps into the soil deeply enough it will
become ______________.
• Ground water
• What geochemical process release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere and oceans?
• Volcanoes
• What organism drives the nitrogen cycle?
• Bacteria
• What type of succession would happen after a
Volcanoe?
• Primary
• What type of succession would happen after a
fallen tree?
• Secondary
• What is carrying capacity?
• The largest number of individuals of a
population that an ecosystem can support.
• The symbiotic relationship between a bee and
a flower is called what?
• Mutualism
• What is a symbiotic relationship in which one
organism is harmed and the other is
unaffected?
• Commensalism
• What is a catalyst?
• And enzyme that speeds up a reaction
• How do enzymes speed up reactions?
• By lowering the activation energy
• 1. The enzyme binds to a reactant in a
chemical reaction called the ______________.
• 2. The part of the enzyme where the
substrate binds is called the ______________.
• Substrate, active site
• What is the name of the model in the last
question?
• Lock and key
• Name the 4 macromolecules.
• Protein, lipid, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
• Give an example of a nucleic acid.
• DNA, RNA
• What is the monomer of lipids
• Fatty acids and glycerol
• Is water polar or nonpolar
• polar
• What is it called when water molecules stick
to other water molecules?
• Cohesion
• Why is it important that ice floats on water?
• It prevents lakes and ocean from freezing
solid.
• Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in
animal cells because both —
• store energy
• Write out the entire reaction for
photosynthesis.
• 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Write out the entire reaction for cellular
respiration.
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 →6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
• What organelle does photosynthesis take
place in?
• Chloroplast
• What organelle does cellular respiration take
place in?
• Mitochondria
• What are the 2 steps in photosynthesis?
• Light independent reactions
• Light dependent reactions
• What are the 3 steps in Cellular Respiration?
• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle
• Electron transport chain
• What happens in glycolysis? And where does
it occur? (2pts)
• glucose is broken down to a smaller molecule
called pyruvic acid (in cytoplasm)
• How many ATP does Cellular Respiration
produce?
• 34-38
• The passing of electrons along a series of
molecules, releasing energy as they go, is
known as a(n) --
• Electron transport chain
• How many ATP does fermentation produce?
• 2