Module 16 Exam Review
1. Which digestive enzyme does the tongue produce?
2. Distention of the stomach and an increase in the gastric pH are the stimuli for the _____ phase of digestion.
3. The _____ surface is where one tooth comes into contact with another.
4. Which layer of the general digestive system contains longitudinal and circular fibers?
5. Which cell surface structures increase surface area for absorption?
6. The lower esophageal sphincter controls the amount of food entering the _____ from the _____.
7. What is the role of the mouth in mechanical digestion?
8. Because the lower third of the esophagus is smooth muscle, the deglutition response is _____.
9. Name the three major groups of major salivary glands.
10. Which of the lingual papillae are more prominent on the lateral surface of the tongue?
11. The most superior region of the stomach is the _____.
12. What is a bolus?
13. Vitamin D in an example of a _____ soluble vitamin.
14. Which type nutrient is digested by salivary amylase?
15. The response of the cephalic phase of digestion is _____.
16. Enteric nervous system reflexes involving the myenteric or submucosal plexi are _____ reflexes.
17. Autonomic reflexes involving the vagus nerve are _____ reflexes.
18. List the 3 structures of the external tooth.
19. What are deciduous teeth and how many does an individual usually have?
20. What is the proper term for wisdom teeth?
21. The liver converts unconjugated bilirubin into _____ bilirubin
22. What is chyme and how does it leave the stomach?
23. What is the name of heme breakdown products that haven’t yet been transported to the liver?
24. Gastric chief cells produce _____.
25. _____ cells produce intrinsic factor and HCl acid.
26. Vitamin C and the B vitamins are _____-soluble vitamins.
27. Long-chain fatty acids and glycerides are absorbed into intestinal cells by _____.
28. List the pathway of bile secretion from synthesis (hepatocytes) to the intestine.
29. A liver lobule contains numerous hepatocytes surrounding a _____ vein.
30. What three structures that form the hepatic triad?
31. Bile is produced by _____ in the liver and stored in the _____.
32. The blood entering into the liver from the hepatic portal vein is oxygen _____, but nutrient ______.
33. Glucose and galactose are absorbed into intestinal cells by _____.
34. _____, _____, and _____ increase the surface area of the small intestines?
35. Release of histamine in the gastric lining _____ gastric acid production.
36. Which enzyme from the stomach is a protease?
37. Once triglycerides are packaged as a chylomicron in intestinal cells, they enter a _____ within an intestinal villus.
38. List the regions of the large intestine (colon).
39. Which pigment is responsible for the fecal color?
40. Because chyme contains both dissolved substances and dispersed lipids, it is an _____.
41. Gastrin is produced by _____ cells in the stomach and _____ gastric acid secretion.
42. What is the stimulus for the defecation reflex?
43. Once glucose is absorbed by an intestinal cell, it enters a _____ within a villus by facilitated diffusion.
44. _____ emulsify fats in the intestines.
45. In the intestines, _____ cells produce hormones.
46. H+ are released in to the intestinal lumen by _____.
47. Which GI nerve plexus increases secretion from the glands?
48. Of the six functions of the digestive system, release of bicarbonate, enzymes, mucus, and bile are examples of
_____.
49. Cholecystokinin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and motilin are secreted by the _____.
50. Helicobactor pylori causes problems with goblet cells in the intestine, resulting in _____.
Module 16 Exam Review
1. lingual lipase
2. gastric
3. occlusal
4. muscularis
5. microvilli
6. stomach; esophagus
7. mastication
8. involuntary
9. parotid, submandibular, sublingual
10. foliate
11. fundus
12. saliva-moistened and masticated food
13. lipid (fat)
14. carbohydrate
15. salivation and gastric acid secretion
16. short
17. long
18. crown, neck, root
19. baby teeth; 20
20. third molars
21. conjugated
22. digested food with gastric juice; pyloric sphincter
23. unconjugated bilirubin
24. pepsinogen and gastric lipase
25. parietal
26. water
27. diffusion
28. bile canaliculi, left and right hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct and cystic duct, common bile duct,
hepatopancreatic ampulla, sphincter of Oddi, duodenum
29. central
30. branch of the hepatic artery, branch of the hepatic portal vein, and a branch of the bile duct
31. hepatocytes; gall bladder
32. poor; rich
33. secondary active transport
34. plicae circularis, villi, and microvilli
35. increases
36. pepsin
37. lacteal
38. cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum
39. stercobilin
40. emulsion
41. G; increases
42. rectal distension
43. capillary
44. bile salts
45. enteroendocrine
46. proton pumps
47. submucosal plexus
48. secretion
49. intestines
50. decreased mucus production