In which region(s) of the digestive tract does
mechanical processing occur?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The mouth, by teeth and the tongue
The stomach, by churning
The small intestine, by segmentation
All of the above are correct
Which disorder increases the rate at which fluids
move into the peritoneal cavity? What condition
results from the excess fluids in the peritoneal
cavity?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Liver disease/ascites
Gastric ulcers/internal bleeding
Diarrhea/dehydration
Crohn’s disease/malabsorption
What is the importance of the mesenteries?
1. Provide a layer of insulating fat
2. Support and stabilize organs in
abdominopelvic cavity
3. Divide abdominal cavity from pelvic cavity
4. All of the above are correct
The four major layers of the GI tract are ____.
1. Mucosa, digestive epithelium, lamina
propria, and muscularis mucosa
2. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa,
and serosa
3. Submucosa, submucosal plexus, myenteric
plexus, and serosa
4. None of the above is correct
Where are the motor neurons that control smooth
muscle contraction and glandular secretions of
the GI tract located?
1.
2.
3.
4.
In the hypothalamus
In the submucosal plexus
In the myenteric plexus
In the muscularis mucosa
Which type of epithelium lines the oral cavity? Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Simple squamous epithelium/for absorption of
nutrients
Stratified squamous epithelium/area is subject to
abrasion
Stratified cuboidal epithelium/because of
secretions from glands
Simple columnar epithelium/for absorption of
nutrients
The parotid glands secrete ____, which contain
large amounts of ____.
1. A mucous secretion/buffers and lubricants
2. A mixture of glycoproteins and buffers/ salivary
amylase
3. Enzymes that work over a broad range of pH/
lingual lipase
4. Serous secretions/salivary amylase
Your molars are most useful for ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Crushing and grinding a tough pizza crust
Shredding meat off a bone
Nipping the end of a carrot
None of the above is correct
What is unusual about the muscularis
externa of the esophagus?
1. It contains skeletal muscle along the
superior one-third of its length.
2. It is surrounded by serosa.
3. It contains a combination of smooth muscle
and skeletal muscle along the superior onethird of its length.
4. It contains nerves.
Where in the human body is the fauces?
1.
2.
3.
4.
In the oral cavity
At the distal end of the esophagus
Between the lips and the gums
Between the oral cavity and the pharynx
What is occurring when the soft palate and
larynx elevate and the glottis closes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Swallowing
Hiccupping
Speaking
Coughing
If parietal cells were not secreting intrinsic factor,
what cascade of events could happen?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa/gastric ulcers
Limited absorption of vitamin B12/decline in
erythropoiesis
Limited absorption of vitamin K/decline in
manufacture of clotting factors
Chief cells are not stimulated/contractions of the
gastric wall are inhibited
How do the roles of pepsinogen and HCl interact
in the stomach?
1. They both digest chyme.
2. HCl is necessary to prevent pepsinogen
from digesting proteins.
3. They both kill microorganisms.
4. HCl is necessary for the conversion of
pepsinogen to pepsin.
When a person suffers from chronic gastric
ulcers, the branches of the vagus nerve serving
the stomach are sometimes surgically severed.
Why?
1. The vagus nerve carries gastric pain
sensations.
2. The vagus nerve stimulates gastric motility.
3. The vagus nerve stimulates gastric
secretions.
4. The vagus nerve causes ulcers.
How do the regional specializations of the
small intestine change along its length?
1. The duodenum has small villi and numerous
mucous glands.
2. The jejunum has numerous villi for absorption.
3. The ileum contains aggregated lymphoid
nodules.
4. All of the above are correct.
What effect(s) does the secretion of CCK have on
a fatty meal’s entrance to the duodenum?
1. Speeds up gastric emptying
2. Reduced rate and force of gastric contractions
3. Inhibits secretion of gastric acids and
enzymes, slowing gastric emptying
4. Increases secretion of gastrin and decreases
bile secretion
What effect does secretion of secretin by
enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum have on the
pancreas?
1. It stimulates the secretion of glucagon.
2. It stimulates production of pancreatic
buffers that protect the duodenum.
3. It stimulates the secretion of insulin.
4. It promotes production and secretion of
pancreatic enzymes.
Why is lipid digestion more impaired by damage
to the exocrine pancreas than is carbohydrate
or protein digestion?
1. Because carbohydrates are partially
digested in the mouth and small intestine
2. Because proteins are partially digested in
the stomach and small intestine
3. Because the pancreas is the primary site
of fat digesting enzymes
4. All of the above are correct
Which structures comprise a hepatic triad?
1. Branches of the hepatic portal vein and hepatic
artery, and a branch of the bile duct
2. Branches of the cystic duct, common bile duct,
and common hepatic duct
3. The superior mesenteric and splenic veins
4. None of the above is correct
The liver has more than 200 critical functions.
Which of the following is not a liver function?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism
Vitamin and mineral storage
Secretion of CCK , storage and concentration of bile
Removal of antibodies, circulating hormones, and
toxins
What are the major histological differences
between the large intestine and small
intestine? The large intestine ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lacks villi, has abundant goblet cells, and deeper
intestinal glands
Has longer villi, more microvilli, and plicae
Has a larger nutrient absorptive surface
Produces more enzymes and hormones
What is the primary source of flatus emitted
from the intestines?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Indole and skatole, two nitrogen-containing
compounds
Ammonia in the form of ammonium ions
Indigestible carbohydrates acted on by bacteria
Breakdown products of bilirubin
How do most chylomicrons enter the
lymphatic system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Through the left and right subclavian veins
Through lacteals
Through the thoracic duct
Through the hepatic portal system
How does taking fat-soluble vitamins on an empty
stomach affect the absorption of those vitamins?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The vitamins are not absorbed, because they
require presence of other lipids.
Having an empty stomach enhances absorption.
A different metabolic pathway is used when you
have an empty stomach.
None of the above is correct.
Why is diarrhea potentially life threatening,
but constipation is not?
1. Wastes not eliminated as feces will be
eliminated through urine.
2. Constipation affects only gastric motility.
3. Constipation causes edema.
4. Diarrhea causes rapid water and electrolyte
loss.
Which age-related changes in the digestive
system are the results of decreased smooth
muscle tone?
1. Weaker peristaltic contractions and decrease
in motility
2. Thinning of epithelia of the mouth, esophagus
and anus
3. Hemorrhoids and esophageal reflux
4. 1 and 3 are correct