Classification
Why Classify?
To study the diversity of life, biologists use a
classification system to name organism and group
them in a logical manner.
Domains
• All living organisms are divided into 3
domains and subdivided into 6 kingdoms
• Domains containing prokaryotic cells
– Archaea
– Bacteria
• Domain containing eukaryotic cells
– Eukarya
Naming Organisms
• In the discipline of taxonomy scientists classify
organisms and assign each organism a universally
accepted name.
• Common names of organisms vary, so scientists assign
one name for each species.
• Always in Latin.
• Carolus Linneaus developed a naming system called
binomial nomenclature.
Naming Organisms
•In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a
two part scientific name.
•The scientific name is italicized.
• The first name is the genus name. It shows that
organisms are closely related
• The second name is the species name. It is specific to a
particular organism.
Felis catus
Canis familiaris
Canis lupus
Linnaeus's System of Classification
• Linnaeus not only named species, he also grouped them
into categories.
• Categories are based on characteristics that organisms
shared
• 7 categories in order from largest to smallest
– Kingdom
– Phylum
To remember the
– Class
categories in order use
– Order
the following: King
– Family
Philip came over for
– Genus
– Species
great soup.
Linnaeus's System of Classification
• Each level is called a taxon, or taxonomic category.
• Species and genus are the two smallest categories.
• Organisms that share the same genus are most closely
related to each other.
Grizzly
bear
Black
bear
Grizzly
bear
Black
bear
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Giant
panda
Red
fox
Coral
Abert
squirrel snake
Sea
star
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Autotrophic/heterotrophic/chemosynthetic
Reproduce asexually
Contain cell wall containing peptidoglycan
Some are mobile
Largest and most diverse kingdom
Live everywhere
Bacteria
Bacillus (rod shaped)
E. coli
Plaque bacteria
Streptococcus
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Autotrophic/heterotrophic/chemosynthetic
Reproduce asexually
Contain cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan
Some are mobile
DNA similar to eukaryotes
Live in extreme environments
Some are anaerobic (live without oxygen)
Under water
sea vent
Hot springs
Unicellular/multicellular
Heterotrophic/autotrophic
Some have cell wall, chloroplasts, cilia, or
flagella
Reproduce sexually or
asexually
Some are mobile
Eukaryotic
Amoeba
Amoeba
Paramecia showing
food vacuoles
containing dyed
yeast.
Paramecium – X-rated
Diatoms……..my fav!
Different diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Red tide
Algae – multicellular protist
•
•
•
•
Unicellular/multicellular
Heterotrophic
Eukaryotic cells
Other
– Cell wall
– Decomposer
– Reproduce sexually or asexually
– No chloroplasts
– Non-mobile
Yeast
M
U
S
H
R
O
O
M
Cool pic
Bracket fungus
White fungus
Honeycomb fungus
Tree fungus
Bird’s
nest
fungus
Those
aren’t
eggs,
they’re
spores;
kinda like
seeds.
Isn’t it
cutie?
•
•
•
•
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Eukaryotic
Other
– Cell wall
– Chloroplasts
– Reproduce sexually or asexually
– Non-mobile
Above: Rafflesia - one of the rainforest’s
largest flowers. 3 ft across and hold 6-7
qts. of water.
Right: world’s smallest plant; 12 can fit
on head of a pin (enlarged lower right)
Another really big
flower! It smells like
rotting flesh mixed with
burnt sugar…nice!
Big
cactus!
Unique Flowers
This is a plant! It has no chlorophyll!
It has no photosynthesis! It’s weird!
It’s a parasite! It used to be classified
as a fungus!
•
•
•
•
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Other
– No cell wall
– No chloroplasts
– Reproduce sexually or asexually
– Most are mobile
Glass Sponge
Sea sponge
Coral
Coral
polyps
Coral polyps
Echinoderms
Star Fish Feeding
Little tube feet
Tube feet up close and personal
Sea feather
Live sand dollar
Sea cucumber….. Ewe!
Giant clam
Clams with foot extended
Sea
worms
Sea worms
More sea worms
nudibranch
nudibranch
More nudis!!
Last one
Insect carrying eggs
Duck-billed platypus with babies
Spiny ant eater
(echidna)
Echidna egg
in pouch
Vocabulary Assignment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Classification
Taxonomy
Domain
Kingdom
Species
Bacteria
Protist
Autotroph
9. Flagella
10.Cilia
11.Heterotroph
12.Amoeba