http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/tour/cell/cell.htm
Cell Theory
&
The Scientists
Involved
By:
Nicole, Sharon, Keelyn,
Morgan & Katie
Anton Van Leeuwenhock
• Date: 1600’s
• Theory: saw living
organisms in pond
water never seen
before.
• Occupation: invented
the simple
microscope
Robert Hooke
• Date: 1600’s
• Theory: Saw the first
cells.
• Occupation: English
inventor. He invented
first compound
microscope.
Matthias Schleiden
• Date: 1838
• Theory: all plants
are made up of cells
• Occupation: German
botanist and master
microscopist
Theodor Schwann
• Date: 1839
• Theory: all living
things are composed
of cells
• Occupation: German
physiologist and
master microscopist
Rudolph Virchow
• Date: 1855
• Theory: all new cells
arise only from
existing cells
• Occupation: German
pathologist,
archaeologist and
anthropologist
Robert Brown
• Date: 1831
• Theory: found nucleus
present in all plant
cells
• Occupation: Scottish
botanist
Cell Theory
• Cells are the structural units of all living
things.
• New cells can only arise from other cells by
the process of cell division
• Cells are the functional units of living
things
1.Cells carry on their own life functions
• Viruses are not made
up of cells.
• Where did the first
cells come from?
• Mitochondria and
chloroplasts contain
their own DNA.
Organelles
o Organelles are found in
the cytoplasm.
o Each type of organelle
carries out a specific
function in the cell
metabolism.
o Some examples of
organelles are ribosome's,
Golgi bodies, lysosomes,
Mitochondria, and
centrioles.
•
Structure of a mitochondrion
Nucleus
• Located in the center
of a cell, the nucleus is
a large, dense,
membrane-enclosed
body that controls the
cell’s metabolism and
reproduction.
Nucleolus
• Site of RNA
(ribonucleic acid)
production
• A dense, granular
body found in the
nucleus
Cell membranes are
semi-permeable.
This means that the
cell membrane only
allows certain
substances to pass
through it.
According to the Fluid Mosaic Model the cell membrane
Is a two layered structure composed of lipids and proteins.
And is what we currently believe the cell membrane is composed
Of.
Phagocytosis
• The process in which
large particles or small
organisms are ingested
into a cell.
Pinocytosis
™The process in which
liquids or very small
particles from the
surrounding medium are
taken into a cell.
™Another name for this
process is “cell drinking”
™The substance is in
contact with the surface
of the cell membrane, the
membrane forms a pouch.
Cytoplasm
• A watery material in
which are dissolved
many of the
substances in cell
metabolism
• Between the cell
membrane and the
nucleus
• Holds the organelles
Moron wearing Cytoplasm?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• A system of fluid
filled canals or
channels enclosed by
membranes
• Serve as a path of
transport throughout
the cell
• Rough endoplasmic
reticulum are lined by
ribosomes.
Ribosome
• An organelle that is
the site of protein
synthesis in a cell.
• They are produced by
the nucleolus.
Golgi Body
• Serve as packaging
and storing centers for
the secretory products
of the cell
• One located in a
animal cell
Lysosome
• Small, saclike
structures surrounded
by a single membrane
• Involved in the
digestion of food
within the food
vacuoles of the cell
• Found in white blood
cells in multicellular
organisms
Mitochondrion
An oval membrane
enclosed organelle in
which most of the
reactions of cellular
respiration occur.
Mitochondrion
A hairlike organelle
on the surface of a cell
with the capacity for
movement
Green arrows point to Cilia
Flagella
• Involved in cell
movement
• Only a few on the cell
surface
• Whip-like tail
• 9 microtubule doublets
arranged in pairs
• 2 microtubules in
center
Flagella- a hairlike organelle
At the surface of a cell, with
capacity for movement
Microtubules
• A long, cylindrical
organelle found in
cilia and flagella
• Are also involved in
the movement of the
chromosomes during
cell division
• Composed of a protein
called tubulin
Microfilament
A solid, thread-like
organelle that can
function as a
supporting structure or
aid in cell movement.
Now Playing At Radio City Music Hall
Cyclosis- a type of circulation occurring inside a cell,
in which there is a streaming motion of the cytoplasm.
Cyclosis
Vacuole
• A fluid-filled
organelle enclosed by
a membrane.
• Stores waste.
• Occupies most of the
space in the
cytoplasm.
Food Vacuole
• Vacuoles are fluidfilled organelles
enclosed by a
membrane
• Specialized vacuole
used for the digestion
of food in a cell
• Found in various
micro-organisms and
simple animals
Contractile Vacuole
• Extra water in the cell
collects here and is
expelled from the
vacuole directly into
the environment
• Works kind of like a
water pump
Centrioles –found only
in animal
cells, these
organelles
aid in cell division.
Plastid
• A membrane-enclosed
organelle found in the
cells of some protists
and almost all plants.
• They usually store
food molecules.
• Not found in animal
cells.
• Ex: Chloroplast
Nucleolus
• Site of RNA
(ribonucleic acid)
production
• A dense, granular
body found in the
nucleus
• Viruses are not
considered not living
therefore that makes
them a exception from
the cell theory. Also
viruses do not carry
out there own life
functions
• The cell theory can’t
explain viruses
because Viruses
contain DNA that is
surrounded by a
protein coat. Viruses
also reproduce in
living things only.
• Bread molds are not
living things because
they do not have cells
as a basic structural
unit. They are
unorganized
cytoplasm and many
nuclei, and no distinct
cells.
• Slime molds are not
living therefore they are
called nonliving. Theses
cells do not have cells of
a basic unit. They have
an unorganized
cytoplasm and many
nuclei, they also do not
have a distinct cell shape
Vacuoles are fluid filled
organelles enclosed by a
membrane. Vacuoles
found in plant cells are
filled with cell sap.
There are two kinds of
vacuoles. Food vacuoles
are one kind and
contractile vacuoles are
another. To sum it all
up, vacuoles are used for
storage purposes.
Mitochondrion
«
»
«
»
«
An oval, membrane-enclosed
organelle in which most of the
reactions of cellular respiration
occur.
The inner membrane is highly
folded, forming cristae that extend
into the mitochondrion itself.
The cristae provides a large surface
area where most of the reactions of
cellular respiration occur.
Often called “powerhouses”
because nearly all the cell’s energy
is released here.
Typical cells contain 300 to 800
mitochondria.
Nucleolus
« A dense, granular
body, found in the
nucleus of cells.
» Disappear at the
beginning of cell
division and reappear
at the end.
« Are sites of production
of the RNA found in
ribosomes.
The Nucleus
™ The Nucleus is a large round object
locate at the center of the cell.
™ The nucleus is surrounded by the
nuclear membrane which is
selectively permeable and regulates
what enters and leaves the cell.
™ The nucleus contains one or more
nucleoli, which produce RNA
found in ribosome's.
™ The nucleus is needed in order for
the cell to survive.
™ The nucleus serves as a control
center for the cell metabolism and
reproduction.
Plastid
•
•
•
•
A membrane-enclosed organelle
found in the sells of some protists
and almost all plants; chloroplasts
are important type of some plastids.
They aren’t present in cells of
animals or fungi.
They are bound by a double
membrane and have systems of
membranes within the organelle.
The most important type of plastid
is the chloroplasts.
Cell- the basic unit of structure
and function in living things; the
smallest unit in living things that
shows the characteristics of life
A hairlike organelle
on the surface of a cell
with the capacity for
movement
Green arrows point to Cilia
Tara Lukawski
Elise D’Ammora
Brendan Phillips
Matt Alfonso
Marc Grochocinski
™ Cells are the
structural and
functional units of
living things.
™ Cells are microscopic.
™ All cells are
specialized to perform
different functions.
™ W e will com pare and
contrast plant and
animal cells.
Similarities
Plant and Animal Cells Both Have:
A proper nucleus
Cytoplasm
A cellm e m brane
Chro m osom e s
Mitochondria
™Contain a cell wall
™Have chloroplasts
™Large vacuoles
™Rectangular shaped
Animals
™ Do not contain a cell wall
™Do not contain chloroplasts
™Have small vacuoles
™Generally have spherical shape.
™Contain centrioles
™Cilia
Cilia
• Hair-like organelles
with the capacity of
movement
• Cilia often cover the
entire cell surface
• Ciliated cells are often
present in animals
consisting of many
cells