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Cornelia: Cornelia Africana (191/190-100 BC), daughter of Scipio Africanus, was married to Ti.
Sempronius Gracchus (cos. 177). They had 12 children (only 3 survived childhood), including
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. After her husbandʻs death in 154 bc, she remained unmarried, refusing
a proposal from King Ptolemy VIII of Egypt. Well-educated in Latin and Greek literature (Cicero
knew her collection of letters), she was highly regarded in Rome for her virtuous life. After the death
of her sons, she retired to a villa near Misenum. Rome voted her a statue in the city upon her death.
pulchrum: “a beautiful thing”. ulciscor, -ī, ultus sum, to take revenge on; avenge.
atque: than. Recall that atque has this comparative meaning when used with adjectives of likeness or
equality. The most common example of this is simul atque, a common phrase. sed si: “but only if”.
ea: direct object of persequī. persequor, -ī, -secūtus sum, to pursue. quātenus conj inasmuch as; in
so far as.
multō tempore: ablative of duration of time. multīs partibus: “in many respects,” “for many
reasons”. pereō, -īre, -iī, to perish, pass away.
utī = ut (here, “as”). potius quam: rather than. prōfiīgō (1) to overthrown, overcome; ruin, destroy.
verbīs conceptīs: “in set words”. Often used with iūrō in legal or religious oaths. dēierō (1) to swear
solemnly. ausim: “I would dare”. Perfect subjunctive of audeō, contracted from ausa sim.
praeterquam, except, other than. Supply eōs as the antecedent of quī.
neminem inimīcum: accusative in oratio obliqua from dēierāre ausim. The infinitive is tradidisse.
tantum . . . quantum: as much . . . as.
oportebat: governs tolerāre and curāre. omnium eōrum: read with partīs. quōs antehāc habuī
liberōs: read omnium eōrum liberōrum quōs antehāc habuī. An antecedant may appear in the
relative clause (with a demonstrative replacing it in the main clause). It can also be “attracted” into
the cause of the relative pronoun. partīs: accusative plural. Here, “duties, obligations,
responsibilities”.
tolerō (1) to bear, endure, sustain; maintain, support. curō (1) to care for, nurse, heal; take care that,
see to it that. quam minimum: “as little”. Governs the genitive sollicitūdinis. senecta, -ae f old age.
utīque = et ut. quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, whosoever, whatsover. Here, neuter plural.
utī nēfas habēres: “that you would consider sacrilegious”. It governs the infinitive phrase quicquam
facere.
rerum maiōrum: read with quicquam: “anything of a substantial nature”. sententia, -ae f opinion,
thought, judgment. praesertim adv especially.
id: read with breve spatium. ne . . . quidem: not . . . even. opitulor, -ārī, -ātus sum, to help, aid.
quīn: here = ut non.
adversor (1) to resist, oppose. Here a syncopation of adversēris.
dēnique adv at last, finally. pausa, -ae f pause, cessation, end. ecquandō adv ever? dēsinō, -ere, -siī,
-situm, to cease, leave off from + inf. īnsāniō, -īre, to be mad, rage.
modus, -ī m measure; bounds, limit. praebeō, -ēre, -uī, to provide, offer.
dēsistō, -ere, -stitī, to cease, desist, leave off. This infinitive is governed by praebentēs: “offering to
desist from troubles”. perpudescit, -ere, to begin to feel great ashamed about. The verb is impersonal
and governs an ablative (here the gerundives miscendā atque perturbandā rē pūblicā).
omnīnō adv altogether, entirely. petitō: future imperative. tribūnātus, -ūs m office of a tribune. per
me: “as far as I am concerned”.
lubet = libet, it pleases (impersonal). parentō(1) to offer sacrifices to a parent.
deum = deōrum. prex, -cis f prayer.
expetō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum, to long for, seek after, covet. habueris: “you will have considered”. sinō,
-ere, sīvī, sītum, to allow, permit. The form is perfect subjunctive contracted from sinerit.
ea: direct object of perseverāre. persevērō (1) to persist in. dēmentia, -ae f folly, madness.
ne: “that” in a fear clause. culpā tuā: “by your own fault”.
tūte: an emphatic tu.