Lesson 11: Body Systems ‐ Teacher Notes Slide 1: Body Systems: What they do, their importance, and common problems/injuries associated. Can anyone name some examples of body systems they may know? Slide 2: Digestive System: Video on picture. Slide 3: Digestive System: Discuss what is does and common problems. (IBS is irritable bowel syndrome causing discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, and/or constipation. Crohn’s disease is a type of IBS that can cause chronic inflammation in the GI tract causing blood in diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, etc. Usually genetic, but caused by interactions between environmental, immunological, and bacterial factors.) Slide 4: Digestive System: Have students label parts of the digestive system on their own before showing answers. Slide 5: Nervous System: Video on picture. Slide 6: Nervous System: Discuss what is does and common problems. (Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture that is caused by injury or abnormal development in the immature brain, usually before birth. Very wide spectrum. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes seizures.) Slide 7: Central Nervous System. What does the central nervous consist of? The cerebrum consists of 85% of the brain, controls thinking, and is where our short‐ and long‐term memory comes from. The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain and controls balance. The spinal cord connects neurons to the brain. Slide 8: Peripheral Nervous System: What makes up the PNS? Made up of neurons. The cranial nerve affects motion and feeling in the face. Slide 9: Endocrine System: Video on girl picture Slide 10: Endocrine System: Discuss what it does and common problems. (The pancreas is the organ affected by diabetes.) Slide 11: Endocrine System: List the parts of the endocrine sys. and what they do. (Define metabolism – how your body converts food into the energy needed. So if you have a “high or fast” metabolism, your body converts food more efficiently into energy. Define © Austin Independent School District 2014‐2015 homeostasis – maintain internal stability; state of equilibrium.) Slide 12: Respiratory System: Video on picture. Slide 13: Respiratory System: Discuss what is does and common problems. Slide 14: Respiratory System: List what lines the nasal cavity and what each does to the air we breathe. Slide 15: Respiratory System: Have students label parts of the respiratory system on their own before showing answers. (Trachea is the windpipe. When you touch your neck, you can feel the rings of the trachea. The esophagus is located behind your trachea. The epiglottis is the flap that shuts off entry to the trachea so food won’t get in there when you swallow. Hiccups are spasms (sudden, involuntary contractions) of the diaphragm.) Slide 16: Circulatory System: Video on picture. Slide 17: Circulatory System: Discuss what the CS does and common problems. (Systole is contraction of the heart pumping blood to the rest of the body. That is why the number is bigger than diastole. Diastole is relaxation of the heart, which means the blood is moving from the atrium to the ventricle. This is why the number is smaller. The blood doesn’t have very far to travel so the pressure should be lower. Atherosclerosis is hardening of the arteries. Fat and cholesterol build up in the walls of the arteries (plaque). Angina is just chest discomfort. Aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel. Arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat.) Slide 18: Circulatory System: Discuss the parts of the heart and how the blood flows in and out. Slide 19: Diagram of your heart: Flow of blood through the heart: Blue blood > Right Atrium > Right Ventricle > Lungs > Red blood > Left Atrium > Left Ventricle > Body. Blue = deoxygenated. Red = oxygenated. Atrium then ventricle – A before V in the alphabet. Slide 20: Lymphatic System: Video on picture. Lesson 11: Body Systems ‐ Teacher Notes Slide 21: Lymphatic System: Discuss what the Lymphatic System does and common problems. (Lymphedema is a build‐up of lymph fluid in the fatty tissues just under your skin. Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in immune system cells called lymphocytes.) Slide 22: Lymph Nodes: What is the largest lymph node in our body? Liver Slide 23 – Skeletal System Slide 24: What are the 3 functions of the skeletal system? Provides shape to the body, protects organs, and muscle attachment. Slide 2 5–Skeletal System Diagram. Have students fill in as many bones as they can before you show the diagram. Discuss each bone. Slide 26: Define Joints, Dislocation, Ligaments, Sprain, Tendons, Strain and Cartilage. Slide 27: Muscular System Slide 28: What are the 3 functions of the muscles? Movement, protection in the joints and creates heat. Slide 29: How muscles cause movement: Discuss how muscles work in pairs to cause movement. When one contracts (shortens) the opposite muscle relaxes (lengthens). Muscles move the bones below them, not the bone they lay directly on. Slide 30: Muscular Diagram. Have students fill in as many as muscles as they can before you show the diagram. Discuss each muscle. Slide 31: Many of the body systems depend on other body systems in order to function properly. © Austin Independent School District 2014‐2015 What are some examples? Lymphatic system and Immune System, Muscular and Skeletal, etc.