Leaving Certificate Latin
Indicative Vocabulary List
October 2008
Leaving Certificate Latin
Indicative Vocabulary List
The aim of this vocabulary is to provide students with a list of Latin words which it is felt are the most
common words that the Latin student will come across at senior cycle level. It is intended that this list
will act as a resource for teachers and students of Latin.
The list is designed to support teachers in implementing the Latin syllabus in the classroom and in
designing teaching and learning that will meet the aims and objectives of the syllabus.
The list contains 1,479 words. It includes the 600 words contained in the Junior Certificate Defined
Vocabulary already produced by the NCCA and has also drawn on the passages set for unseen translation
in the Leaving Certificate Latin examinations over the past number of years.
The words are arranged in alphabetical order. The usual conventions found in Latin vocabularies have
been followed, but verbs are given in their fullest form to make their parts as clear as possible for
students.
The conventions followed are:
Verbs: Principal parts are given in full as well as the conjugation number in brackets e.g.
laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatum (1).
Irregular verbs are given without a conjugation number.
Those verbs which take a case other than the Accusative are followed by that case name
in italics e.g. persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi, persuasum + dat. (2)
Nouns: Nominative Singular and Genitive Singular are given with the gender added in italics e.g.
captivus -i m.
Adjectives and certain Pronouns: Nominative singular is given in the masculine, feminine and neuter
forms e.g. bonus -a -um; omnis -is -e, qui - quae – quod. Adjectives with a common m, f, n in the
Nominative Case will also be given in the Genitive Case e.g. audax –acis or vetus, veteris.
Adverbs: The abbreviation adv. is added in italics to adverbs e.g. fortiter adv.
Prepositions: These are given with the case which they take added in italics e.g. ad + acc.
Proper Names: These will be glossed or not at the discretion of the SEC.
As well as providing reassurance to students, the list should also prove beneficial when it comes to
revision. By learning a number of words each day, students can revise these commonly used Latin words
in a relatively short time.
Teachers can also draw their pupils' attention to words in this list as they are encountered in the course of
reading Latin in class. This practice has the merit of students seeing the words in a meaningful context
before learning them by heart.
3
Latin
English
a
a, ab + abl.
ab tergo
abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditum (3)
absum, abesse, afui or abfui + abl.
ac (atque) conj.
accedo, accedere, accessi, accessum (3)
accendo, accendere, accendi, accensum (3)
accido, accidere, accidi (3)
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptum (3)
accuso, accusare, accusavi, accusatum (1)
acer, acris, acre
acies, aciei f.
acriter adv.
ad + acc.
addo, addere, addidi, additum (3)
adeo adv.
adeo, adire, adii or adivi, aditum
adfero (affero), adferre (afferre), attuli, allatum
adiuvo, adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutum (1)
adsentior (= assentior), adsentiri, adsensus sum (4) + dat.
adsto, adstare, adstiti (1)
adsum, adesse, adfui
adulescens, adulescentis m.or f.
advenio, advenire, adveni, adventum (4)
adventus -us m.
adversus + acc.
adversus -a -um
aedes, aedis f.
aedificium -i n.
aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatum (1)
aeger, aegra, aegrum
aer, aeris n.
aestas, aestatis f.
aetas, aetatis f.
age, agite
ager, agri m
agmen, agminis n.
agnosco, agnoscere, agnovi, agnitum (3)
ago, agere, egi, actum (3)
a
from by
from the rear, in the rear
to hide
to be out, be absent, be away
and
to approach
to set on fire, to rouse
to happen
to accept, take in, receive, welcome
to accuse
keen, eager
line of battle, gaze
keenly, eagerly
to, towards, at
to add
so much, so greatly, to such a degree
to approach, go up to
to bring, carry, bring news
to help, assist
to agree with, assent to
to stand near, stand by
to be here, present, at hand
youth, young man, young girl
to arrive at
arrival, approach
opposite, against
opposite, hostile
home, temple, dwelling
building
to build
sick
air
summer
age, life
come on
field, territory
column, procession
to recognise, understand
to do, act, pass, spend time, drive,
give (thanks)
rustic, country, savage
he,she, it says, they say
wing, wing of an army
some, others
sometimes, formerly
someone, something
other, another, else
the other, another, one of two,
agrestis, agrestis, agreste
ait, aiunt
ala -ae f.
alii … alii
aliquando adv.
aliquis, aliqua, aliquid
alius, alia, aliud
alter, altera, alterum
4
the one, a second
altus -a -um
ambo, ambae, ambo
ambulo, ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatum (1)
amica -ae f.
amicitia -ae f.
amicus -i m.
amitto, -ere, amisi, amissum (3)
amo, amare, amavi, amatum (1)
amor, amoris m.
amplius adv.
ancilla -ae f.
angustus -a -um
anima -ae f.
animadverto, animadvertere, animadverti,
animadversum (3)
animus -i m.
annus -i m.
ante +acc.
antea adv.
antequam conj.
antiquus -a -um
aperio, aperire, aperui, apertum (4)
aperte adv.
appareo, apparere, apparui, apparitum (2)
appello, appellare, appellavi, appellatum (1)
appropinquo, appropinquare, appropinquavi,
appropinquatum + dat. or ad + acc. (1)
apto, aptare, aptavi, aptatum (1)
apud + acc.
aqua -ae f.
ara -ae f.
arbitror, arbitrari, arbitratus sum (1)
arbor, arboris f.
arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitum (3)
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsum (2)
arduus -a -um
argentum -i n.
arma, armorum n.pl.
armo, armare, armavi, armatum (1)
ars, artis f.
arx, arcis f.
ascendo, ascendere, ascendi, ascensum (3)
asper -a -um
aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, aspectum (3)
at conj.
atque conj.
atrium -i n.
atrox, atrocis m. f. n.
attollo, attollere, attuli, allatum (3)
attonitus -a -um
high, deep
both
to walk
friend, girlfriend
friendship
friend
to lose
to love
love
more, further
maidservant, slave
narrow
spirit, mind, life
to notice, realize
spirit, soul, mind
year
before, in front of
before, formerly, previously
before
ancient, old
to open, reveal
openly
to appear, become visible
to call (by name), call upon, address
to approach, come near to
to fit, get ready
among, at the house of, in the presence of
water
altar, refuge
to think, observe, believe
tree
to send for, summon
to burn, be on fire
steep, high
silver
arms
to arm, equip
art, skill
citadel, fortress
to climb, rise
rough, harsh
to catch sight of, look at
but
and
hall
fierce, cruel
lift up, raise
astonished, thunder struck
5
auctoritas, auctoritatis f.
audacia -ae f.
audax -acis m. f. n.
audeo, audere, ausus sum (2)
audio, audire, audivi, auditum (4)
aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatum
augeo, augere, auxi, auctum (2)
aura -ae f.
aureus -a -um
auris, auris f.
aurum -i n.
aut conj.
aut..aut conj.
autem conj.
autumnus -i m.
auxilia, auxiliorum n.pl.
auxilium -i n.
avis, avis f.
authority, power, opinion, judgement
boldness, daring, audacity
bold, daring
to dare
to hear
to take away, carry off, steal
to increase, augment
air, wind
golden, made of gold
ear
gold
or
either…or
but, moreover, however, now.
autumn
reinforcements
help, assistance
bird
b
beatus -a -um
bellum -i n.
bene adv.
bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitum (3)
bonus -a -um
bos, bovis c.
bracchium -i n.
brevis -is -e
happy, blessed
war
well
to drink
good
ox, cow
arm
short, brief
c
cado, cadere, cecidi, casum (3)
caecus -a -um
caedes, caedis f.
caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesum (3)
caelum -i n.
calidus -a -um
campus -i m.
candidus -a -um
canis -is m. or f.
canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatum (1)
capillus -i m.
capio, capere, cepi, captum (3)
captivus -i m.
caput, capitis n.
carcer, carceris m.
carmen, carminis n.
carpo, carpere, carpsi, carptum (3)
carus -a -um
castigo, castigare, castigavi, castigatum (1)
castra, castrorum n.pl.
casus -us m.
causa -ae f.
c
to fall, be killed
blind, hidden, obscure
slaughter, murder
to kill
sky, heaven, weather
warm, hot
plain, field
white, beautiful
dog
to sing, chant
hair
to take, capture, seize, catch
prisoner, captive
head
prison
song, poem
to take, pluck, seize, catch
dear
scold, chide
camp
chance, misfortune, fall
cause, reason
6
caveo, cavere, cavi, cautum (2)
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessum (3)
celer, celeris, celere
celeriter adv.
celo, celare, celavi, celatum (1)
cena -ae f.
ceno, cenare, cenavi, cenatum (1)
censeo, censere, censui, censum (2)
centurio, centurionis m.
cerno, cernere, crevi, cretum (3)
certamen, certaminis n.
certe adv.
cervix, cervicis f .
ceteri -ae -a
ceterum adv.
cibus -i m.
cinis, cineris m.
circa adv.
circiter adv.
circum + acc.
circumvenio, circumvenire, circumveni,
circumventum (4)
civis, civis m.
civitas, civitatis f.
clam adv.
clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatum (1)
clamor, clamoris m.
clarus -a -um
classis, classis f.
claudo, claudere, clausi, clausum (3)
coepi, coepisse, coeptum (3) (defective)
cogito, cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatum (1)
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitum (3)
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactum (3)
cohors, cohortis f.
colligo, colligere, collegi, collectum (3)
collis -is m.
colloco, collocare, collocavi, collocatum (1)
collum -i n.
colo, colere, colui, cultum (3)
color, coloris m.
comes, comitis c.
comitor, comitari, comitatus sum (1)
committo, committere, commisi, commissum (3)
commotus -a -um
communis -is -e
compleo, complere, complevi, completum (2)
complures -es -a
comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi,
comprehensum (3)
condo, condere, condidi, conditum (3)
(me) confero, conferre, contuli, collatum
to beware of
to yield, go, withdraw
swift, fast
quickly
to hide, conceal
dinner
to dine, have dinner
to think, judge, vote, reckon,
centurion
to perceive, decide, determine
contest, struggle, rivalry
certainly, surely
neck
the others, the rest
but, besides
food
ashes, ruin
around, near
about, near
around, near
to surround
citizen
a state
secretly
to shout, cry aloud
loud shout, cry
famous, clear, bright
fleet
to shut, close, block
I began
to think, consider, reflect upon
to learn, get to know, ascertain, find out
to force, gather
cohort, bodyguard
to collect
Hill
to arrange, place together
neck
to cultivate, cherish
colour
companion
to accompany
to entrust, to engage (in battle)
moved, upset
common, public
to fill
several, a good many
to seize, attack, embrace
to hide, found, bury
to betake oneself, devote oneself
7
conficio, conficere, confeci, confectum (3)
confido, confidere, confisus sum (3) + dat.
confirmo, confirmare, confirmavi, confirmatum (1)
confiteor, confiteri, confessus sum (2)
conicio, conicere, conieci, coniectum (3)
coniunx, coniugis c.
conor, conari, conatus sum (1)
conscendo, conscendere, conscendi, conscensum (3)
conscius -a -um
consensus -us m.
consilium -i n.
consisto, consistere, constiti, constitum (3)
conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, conspectum (3)
constituo, constituere, constitui, constitutum (3)
consul, consulis m.
consularis -is -e
consultum -i n.
contemno, contemnere, contempsi, contemptum (3)
contendo, contendere, contendi, contentum (3)
contineo, continere, continui, contentum (2)
contio, contionis f.
contra +acc.
contra adv.
convenio, convenire, conveni, conventum (4)
convoco, convocare, convocavi, convocatum (1)
coorior, cooriri, coortus sum (4)
copia -ae f.
copiae -arum f.pl.
coquo, coquere, coxi, coctum (3)
coquus -i m.
cornu, cornus n.
corona -ae f.
corpus, corporis n.
cotidie adv.
cras adv.
credo, credere, credidi, creditum + dat. (3)
creo, creare, creavi, creatum (1)
cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum (3)
crimen, criminis n.
crudelis -is -e
cruentus -a -um
cubiculum -i n.
cubo, cubare, cubui, cubitum (1)
culpo, culpare, culpavi, culpatum (1)
cum conj.
cum prep. + abl.
cunctor, cunctari, cunctatus sum (1)
cupidus -a -um + gen.
cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitum (3)
cur adv.
cura -ae f.
curia -ae f.
8
to finish, exhaust
to trust, have confidence in
to confirm, encourage
to confess
to hurl, throw
wife, husband
to try
to climb on, embark on, go on board
knowing, conscious of
agreement
plan, idea, advice
to stand, take up a position, endure
to catch sight of, behold, observe,
to decide, set up, resolve
consul
consular, of consular rank
decree
to scorn, despise, defy
to hasten, march, struggle
to hold, keep together, control
assembly, public assembly, address
against
opposite
to meet, assemble, put together, gather
to call together
to rise, begin
supply, plenty
forces, troops
to cook
cook
wing of an army, horn
garland, wreath
body
daily, every day
tomorrow
to trust, believe, have faith in
to make, create, elect, choose
to grow
charge, crime
cruel
blood stained
bedroom
to lie down, recline
to blame
when, whenever, since
with
to delay, hesitate
desirous, eager
to want, to desire
why?
care
senate-house
curo, curare, curavi, curatum (1)
curro, currere, cucurri, cursum (3)
currus -us m.
custodio, custodire, custodivi, custoditum (4)
custos, custodis m.
to care for, look after, supervise, attend to
to run
chariot
to guard
guard
d
damno, damnare, damnavi, damnatum (1)
de + abl.
dea –ae f.
debeo, debere, debui, debitum (2)
decerno, decernere, decrevi, decretum (3)
declaro, declarare, declaravi, declaratum (1)
decurro, decurrere, decurri, decursum (3)
decus, decoris n.
deditio, deditionis f.
dedo, dedere, dedidi, deditum (3)
deduco, deducere, deduxi, deductum (3)
defendo, defendere, defendi, defensum (3)
defessus -a -um
deicio, deicere, deieci, deiectum (3)
deinde adv.
delecto, delectare, delectavi, delectatum (1)
deleo, delere, delevi, deletum (2)
demonstro, demonstrare, demonstravi,
demonstratum (1)
denique adv.
dens, dentis m.
depono, deponere, deposui, depositum (3)
descendo, descendere, descendi, descensum (3)
desero, deserere, deserui, desertum (3)
desertus -a -um
desiderium -i n.
desidero, desiderare, desideravi, desideratum (1)
desisto, desistere, destiti, destitum (3)
despero, desperare, desperavi, desperatum (1)
desum, desse, defui + dat.
deus, dei m.
dexter, dextra, dextrum
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum (3)
dictator, dictatoris m.
dies, diei m.
difficilis -is -e
difficultas, difficultatis f.
diffugio, diffugere, diffugi (3)
dignitas, dignitatis f.
dignus -a -um + abl.
diligenter adv.
diligentia -ae f.
dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissum (3)
discedo, discedere, discessi, discessum (3)
disciplina -ae f.
d
to condemn
about, concerning, from, down from
goddess
to owe, ought, should, must,
to decide, decree, determine
to declare, explain, reveal
to run down
glory, beauty, virtue
surrender
to surrender, yield
to lead down, bring down
to defend
tired, exhausted, weary
to throw down
then, next
to delight, please
to destroy
to show, point out, demonstrate
finally
tooth, tusk
to put down, lay down, take off
to climb down, go down, come down
to abandon, leave
abandoned
longing, desire
to desire, long for
to desist, cease
to despair (of)
to fail, to be wanting
god
right
to say, tell
dictator
day
difficult
difficulty
to scatter, to flee
merit, worth
worthy (of)
carefully, diligently, hard
carefulness, diligence
to send away, dismiss
to go away, depart
discipline, instruction, training
9
discipulus -i m.
disco, discere, didici (3)
discordia -ae f.
dispersus -a -um
dispono, disponere, disposui, dispositum (3)
diu adv.
diva -ae f.
diversus -a -um
dives, divitis m. f. n.
divitiae -arum f.pl.
divus -a -um
divus -i m.
do, dare, dedi, datum (1)
doceo, docere, docui, doctum (2)
doctus -a -um
doleo, dolere, dolui (2)
dolor, doloris m.
domina -ae f.
dominus -i m.
domus -us f.
donec conj.
dono, donare, donavi, donatum (1)
donum -i n.
dormio, dormire, dormivi, dormitum (4)
dubito, dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatum (1)
dubium -i n.
dubius -a -um
duco, ducere, duxi, ductum (3)
dulcis -is -e
dum conj.
durus -a -um
dux, ducis c.
pupil
to learn, get to know, ascertain, find out
disagreement, dissention, discord
scattered, dispersed
to put in different places
for a long time
goddess
different
rich
riches, wealth
divine
god
to give
to teach
learned, educated, skillful
to hurt, be in pain, ache, grieve
pain, grief
mistress
master, owner
home, house
until
to give as a present, to present
gift
to sleep
to doubt, hesitate
doubt
doubtful, uncertain
to lead, guide, take
sweet, pleasant
while, until
hard, rough
leader
e
e, ex + abl.
ecce
educo, educere, eduxi, eductum (3)
efficio, efficere, effeci, effectum (3)
effugio, effugere, effugi, effugitum (3)
effundo, effundere, effudi, effusum (3)
ego
egredior, egredi, egressus sum (3)
eheu (= heu)
eicio, eicere, eieci, eiectum (3)
eligo, eligere, elegi, electum (3)
eloquentia -ae f.
emitto, emittere, emisi, emissum (3)
emo, emere, emi, emptum (3)
enim conj.
ensis, ensis m.
eo adv.
eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum
e
from, out of
look! lo! behold!
to lead out, raise, bring up
to do, make, bring about, cause
to escape, flee away
to pour out, stream forth
I
to come out, leave
alas
to throw out, eject, cast out
to pick out, choose
eloquence
to send out, let loose, throw, emit
to buy
for
sword
to that place
to go
10
eodem adv.
epistula -ae (epistola) f.
eques, equitis m.
equidem adv.
equitatus -us m.
equus -i m.
ergo adv.
eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptum (3)
erro, errare, erravi, erratum (1)
et conj.
et …… et conj.
etenim conj.
etiam conj.
etsi conj.
evado, evadere, evasi, evasum (3)
evehor, evehi, evectus sum (3)
evenio, evenire, eveni, eventum (4)
evoco, evocare, evocavi, evocatum (1)
excedo, excedere, excessi, excessum (3)
excipio, excipere, excepi, exceptum (3)
excito, excitare, excitavi, excitatum (1)
exclamo, exclamare, exclamavi, exclamatum (1)
exemplum -i n.
exeo, exire, exivi or exii, exitum
exerceo, exercere, exercui, exercitum (2)
exercitus -us m.
exilium (exsilium) -i n.
existimo, existimare, existimavi, existimatum (1)
exitus -us m.
experior, experiri, expertus sum (4)
exploro, explorare, exploravi, exploratum (1)
expono, exponere, exposui, expositum (3)
exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum (3)
exspecto, expectare, expectavi, expectatum (1)
exstinguo, exstinguere, exstinxi, exstinctum (3)
extra + acc.
extraho, extrahere, extraxi, extractum (3)
to the same place
letter
horseman, knight
indeed
cavalry
horse
therefore
to snatch away, rescue
to wander, make a mistake, be mistaken
and
both ….. and
for indeed, truly
even, also, yes
although
to go out, escape
to sail away, to ride away
to come out, happen
to call forth, call out, evoke
to go out, to leave
to take up, receive
to rouse, wake up, awaken, arouse
to shout, exclaim, call out
example
to go out
to exercise, drill
army
exile
to think, consider
way out, end
to test, to find by experience
to explore, investigate, test
disembark, land, explain
to follow to the end, carry out
to wait for, expect, look out for
to put out, exstinguish, destroy
outside
to pull out, drag out, draw out.
f
fabula –ae f.
facile adv.
facilis -is -e
facinus, facinoris n.
facio, facere, feci, factum (3)
factum -i n.
facultas, facultatis f.
fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsum (3)
fama -ae f.
fames, famis f.
familia -ae f.
fas n. indeclinable
fatigo, fatigare, fatigavi, fatigatum (1)
f
story, play, fable
easily
easy, good natured
deed, crime
to make, do
deed, fact
opportunity
to deceive
rumour, reputation
hunger, famine
household, family
right, (divine) law, command
to tire
11
fatum -i n.
faveo, favere, favi, fautum + dat. (2)
fax, facis f.
feliciter adv.
felix, felicis m. f. n.
femina -ae f.
fere adv.
ferme adv.
fero, ferre, tuli, latum
ferox -ocis m. f. n.
ferreus -a -um
ferrum -i n.
ferus -a -um
fessus -a -um
festino, festinare, festinavi, festinatum (1)
fidelis -is -e
fides, fidei f.
fate, destiny
to favour, support
torch
luckily, successfully, happily
lucky, successful, happy
woman
almost, nearly
nearly, about, almost
to bring, bear, carry
fierce, spirited, ferocious
of iron
iron, sword
wild
tired
to hurry, hasten
faithful, loyal
faithfulness, loyalty, faith, trustworthiness,
promise
to trust, believe, confide in
confidence, trust
faithful
daughter
son
boundary, territory
to form, make up, compose
to finish
end
to be done, be made, happen
firm
flame
to bend, turn
to cry, weep
flower
wave, flood
river
to flow
river, stream
treaty, agreement
fountain, source, spring
to speak, say
to be about to be, will, would be
beauty, form, shape
fear, terror
to form, shape
perhaps
by chance, by accident
brave
bravely
fortune, luck, chance
forum, market place, the Roman forum
ditch, trench
to break, tear to pieces, shatter, crush
fido, fidere, fisus sum + dat. or abl.(3)
fiducia -ae f.
fidus -a -um
filia -ae f.
filius -i m.
fines, finium m.pl.
fingo, fingere, finxi, fictum (3)
finio, finire, finivi, finitum (4)
finis, finis m.
fio, fieri, factus sum
firmus -a -um
flamma -ae f.
flecto, flectere, flexi, flexum (3)
fleo, flere, flevi, fletum (2)
flos -oris m.
fluctus -us m.
flumen, fluminis n.
fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluctum (3)
fluvius, fluvii m.
foedus, foederis n.
fons, fontis m.
for, fari, fatus sum
fore (= futurum esse)
forma -ae f.
formido, formidinis f.
formo, formare, formavi, formatum (1)
fortasse adv.
forte adv.
fortis -is -e
fortiter adv.
fortuna -ae f.
forum -i n.
fossa -ae f.
frango, frangere, fregi, fractum (3)
12
frater, fratris m.
frequens, frequentis m. f. n.
frigus, frigoris n.
frumentum -i n.
fruor, frui, fructus sum (3) + abl.
frustra adv.
fuga -ae f.
fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitum (3)
fumus -i m.
fundo, fundere, fudi, fusum (3)
funus, funeris n.
fur, furis m.
furor, furoris m.
brother
frequent, crowded
cold, (pl. cold spell)
corn, grain
to enjoy
in vain
flight, exile
to flee, run away
smoke, steam
to pour, rout, put to flight
funeral, death, ruin
thief
madness, frenzy, passion
g
galea -ae f.
gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus sum (2)
gelidus -a -um
gemitus -us m.
genitor, genitoris m.
gens, gentis f.
genus, generis n.
gero, gerere, gessi, gestum (3)
gladiator -oris m.
gladius -i m.
gloria -ae f.
gradus -us m.
gratias ago, agere, egi, actum (3)
gratus -a -um
gravis -is -e
graviter adv.
grex, gregis m.
g
helmet
to rejoice, be glad, be pleased
cold, frozen
groan, sigh
father
family, tribe, race
type, kind, family
to wear, conduct, wage
gladiator
sword
fame, renown
step
to thank
pleasing
heavy, serious, important
heavily, soundly, seriously
flock, herd
h
habeo, habere, habui, habitum (2)
habito, habitare, habitavi, habitatum (1)
haereo, haerere, haesi, haesum (2)
harena -ae f.
hasta -ae f.
haud adv.
herba -ae f.
heri adv.
heros, herois m.
hiberna -orum n.pl.
hic adv.
hic, haec, hoc
hiems, hiemis f.
hinc adv.
hodie adv.
homo, hominis m.
honestus -a -um
honor (= honos), honoris m.
h
to have, consider, regard, hold
to live, dwell
to stick
sand, seashore
spear
not, not at all
herb, grass
yesterday
hero
winter quarters
here
this, (he, she, it)
winter
from here
today
man, person
honest, worthy, distinguished
honour, public office
13
hora -ae f.
horribilis -is -e
hortor, hortari, hortatus sum (1)
hortus -i m.
hospes -itis m. or f.
hostis -is m. or hostes -ium m.pl.
huc adv.
humi adv.
humilis -is -e
humus -i f.
hour
terrible, frightening, horrible
to encourage, urge
garden
guest, host
enemy
here, to this place
on the ground
humble, insignificant
ground, soil
i
ibi adv.
idem, eadem, idem
idoneus -a -um
igitur adv.
ignavus -a -um
ignis, ignis m.
ignoro, ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratum (1)
ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotum + dat. (3)
ignotus -a -um
ille, illa, illud
illic adv.
illuc adv.
imitor, imitari, imitatus sum (1)
immanis -is -e
immemor, immemoris m. f. n.
immortalis -is -e
immotus -a -um
impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditum (4)
imperator, imperatoris m.
imperium -i n.
impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatum + dat. (1)
impetus -us m.
impleo, implere, implevi, impletum (2)
imploro, implorare, imploravi, imploratum (1)
impono, imponere, imposui, impositum (3)
improbus -a -um
improvisus -a -um
imus -a -um
in + acc.
in + abl.
incedo, incedere, incessi, incessum (3)
incendium -i n.
incendo, incendere, incendi, incensum (3)
incertus -a -um
incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptum (3)
incito, incitare, incitavi, incitatum (1)
incola -ae c.
incolumis -is -e
incredibilis -is -e
inde adv.
i
there
the same
suitable, fit
therefore, and so
lazy, cowardly
fire
be ignorant of
to pardon
unknown, strange
that, (he, she, it)
there, at that place
there, to that place
to imitate
immense
forgetful
immortal
unchanged, unmoved, inflexible, calm
to delay, hinder
general, emperor
command, empire
to order, command
attack, charge
to fill up, complete
to implore, beg
to place upon, put into, put onto, place upon
wicked
unexpected, unforeseen
bottom, deepest, inmost
in to, on to
in, on
to advance, march
fire
to burn, set fire to
uncertain
to begin
to urge on, encourage, rouse
inhabitant
safe, unharmed
incredible
thereupon, from that place, from that time
14
indico, indicare, indicavi, indicatum (1)
indignitas, indignitatis f.
indomitus -a -um
induo, induere, indui, indutum (3)
ineo, inire, inivi or inii, initum
inermis -is -e
infans, infantis m. or f.
infelix, infelicis m. f. n.
inferior, inferior, inferius
infero, inferre, intuli, inlatum or illatum
infirmus -a -um
infra adv.
infra prep. + acc.
ingenium -i n.
ingens -entis m. f. n.
ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum (3)
inicio, inicere, inieci, iniectum (3)
inimicus -i m.
iniquus -a -um
initium -i n.
iniuria -ae f.
iniustus -a -um
innocens -entis m. f. n.
inopia -ae f.
inquit, inquiunt
inrumpo, inrumpere, inrupi, inruptum
(also irrumpo, etc) (3)
insidiae -arum f.pl.
insignis -is -e
inspicio, inspicere, inspexi, inspectum (3)
instituo, instituere, institui, institutum (3)
insto, instare, institi (1)
instrumentum -i n.
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructum (3)
insula -ae f.
insurgo, insurgere, insurrexi, insurrectum (3)
integer, integra, integrum
intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectum (3)
inter + acc.
interea = interim adv.
interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectum (3)
intersum, interesse, interfui
intra + acc.
intro, intrare, intravi, intratum (1)
intueor, intueri, intuitus sum (2)
invado, invadere, invasi, invasum (3)
invalidus -a -um
invenio, invenire, inveni, inventum (4)
invisus -a -um
invito, invitare, invitavi, invitatum (1)
invitus -a -um
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
to disclose, reveal
unworthiness, vileness, humiliation
untamed, untamable
to put on, clothe
to enter, go in
unarmed
infant, baby, child
unlucky
inferior, lower
to bring in
weak, infirm
below, under
below, underneath, under
character, talent
huge, enormous
to enter
to throw on, over
enemy
unfair, unfair, unequal
beginning
injury, wrong
unjust
innocent
shortage, lack
he, she, it says, they say
to burst in
ambush
conspicious, eminent
to look at, inspect, view, examine, search
to set up
to pursue, threaten, stand in
tool
to construct, build, arrange, draw up
island, block of flats
to rise up
untouched, complete
to understand, perceive
between, among, during
meanwhile
to kill, destroy
to be between
within
to enter
to look at, consider
to attack, invade
weak, ineffective
to find
hated
to invite
unwilling
himself, herself, itself, self
15
ira -ae f.
iratus -a -um
is, ea, id
iste, ista, istud
ita adv.
ita vero adv.
itaque adv.
iter, itineris n.
iterum adv.
anger
angry
he, she, it, that
that (insulting)
in this way, thus, so
yes, yes indeed
and so, therefore
journey, route, progress
again
i
iaceo, iacere, iacui (2)
iacio, iacere, ieci, iactum (3)
iam adv.
ianua -ae f.
iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum (2)
iucundus -a -um
iudex, iudicis m.
iudicium -i n.
iudico, iudicare, iudicavi, iudicatum (1)
iugum -i n.
iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctum (3)
iuro, iurare, iuravi, iuratum (1)
ius, iuris n.
iustitia -ae f.
iustus -a -um
iuvenis –is m. or f.
iuventus, iuventutis f.
iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutum (1)
i
to lie, lie down
to throw
now, already
door
to order, command
pleasing, delightful
judge
trial, judgement
to judge
yoke
to join, unite
to swear
law, right
justice
just, fair
youth, young man, young woman
youth
to help
l
labor, labi, lapsus sum (3)
labor, laboris m.
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratum (1)
lacrima –ae f.
lacrimo, lacrimare, lacrimavi, lacrimatum (1)
lacus -us m.
laetus -a -um
laevus -a -um
lapis, lapidis m.
late adv.
lateo, latere, latui (2)
latus -a -um
latus, lateris n.
laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatum (1)
lavo, lavare, lavi, lavatum or lautum (1)
laxo, laxare, laxavi, laxatum (1)
lectica -ae f.
lectus -i m.
legatus –i m.
legio, legionis f.
lego, legere, legi, lectum (3)
l
to slip, fall
work, toil, exertion
to work
tear
to cry, weep
lake
glad, happy
left, harmful
stone
widely
to lie hidden
wide, broad
side
to praise
to wash
to loosen
litter, sedan chair
bed, couch
envoy, deputy, commander, legate
legion
to read aloud, recite, gather
16
lente adv.
lentus -a -um
leo, leonis m.
levis -is -e
lex, legis f.
libenter adv.
liber, libera, liberum
liber, libri m.
liberi -orum m.pl.
libero, liberare, liberavi, liberatum (1)
libertas, libertatis f.
libertus -i m.
licet + inf + dat.
lingua -ae f.
linquo, linquere, liqui, lictum (3)
littera -ae f.
litterae -arum f.pl.
litus -oris n.
loco, locare, locavi, locatum (1)
locus -i m.
longe adv.
longus -a -um
loquor, loqui, locutus sum (3)
luctus -us m.
ludo, ludere, lusi, lusum (3)
ludus –i m.
lumen, luminis n.
luna -ae f.
lupus -i m.
lux, lucis f.
slowly
slow, pliant, tough
lion
light, thin
law
freely
free
book
children
to free, set free
freedom
freed man, ex slave
it is permitted
tongue, language
to leave
letter (of alphabet)
letter (= epistola)
sea shore, shore
to place, put
place, category
far off
long
to speak
grief
to play
school, game
light, torch
moon
wolf
light, daylight
m
maestus -a -um
magis adv.
magister, magistri m.
magnanimus -a -um
magnificus -a -um
magnitudo, magnitudinis f.
magnopere adv.
magnus -a -um
maior, maior, maius
maiores, maiorum m.pl.
male adv.
malignus -a -um
malo, malle, malui
malum -i n.
malus -a -um
mane adv.
maneo, manere, mansi, mansum (2)
manus –us f.
mare -is n.
maritimus -a -um
m
sad, gloomy
more
master (of pupils), captain (of ship)
brave, great, generous
great, grand, splendid
greatness, size, magnitude
greatly
great, big
greater, bigger
ancestors
badly, wrongly
unkind, spiteful
to prefer
evil, wrong
evil, bad
in the morning, early
to stay, remain
hand, band of men
sea
of the sea, maritime
17
mater, matris f.
matrona -ae f.
maxime adv.
maximus -a -um
medicus -i m.
medius -a -um
melior, melior, melius
melius adv.
membrum -i n.
memini, meminisse + gen.
memor, memoris m. f. n.
memoro, memorare, memoravi, memoratum (1)
mens, mentis f.
mensa -ae f.
mensis, mensis m.
mercator, mercatoris m.
mereo, merere, merui (2)
mergo, mergere, mersi, mersum (3)
meridies -ei m.
meta, metae f.
metuo, metuere, metui, metutum (2)
metus, metus m.
meus -a -um
miles, militis m.
mille
milia + gen.
minime adv.
minimus -a -um
ministro, ministrare, ministravi, ministratum + dat. (1)
minor, minari, minatus sum (1)
minor, minor, minus
mirabile adv.
mirabilis -is -e
miraculum -i n.
miror, mirari, miratus sum (1)
miser, misera, miserum
mitto, mittere, misi, missum (3)
modo adv.
modo……modo adv.
modus -i m.
moenia, moenium n.pl.
molestus -a -um
moneo, monere, monui, monitum (2)
mons, montis m.
monstrum -i n.
mora -ae f.
morbus -i m.
morior, mori, mortuus sum (3)
moror, morari, moratus sum (1)
mors, mortis f.
mortuus -a -um
mos, moris m.
18
mother
married woman
very much, very greatly
very big, very large, very great, greatest
doctor
middle
better
better
limb, member
to remember, mention
mindful, remembering
to mention, say, speak
mind, heart
table
month
merchant
to deserve
to sink, immerse, plunge
midday
turning point, winning post
to fear
fear
my, mine
soldier
a thousand
thousands
no, least, very little
smallest, very little
to serve, supply, manage
to threaten
smaller, less
marvellously, wonderfully
marvellous, strange, wonderful
marvel, wonder, amazement
to wonder at
wretched, sad
to send
just now, only
at one time … at another, now …. now
manner, way, kind
defences, walls
troublesome, annoying
to warn, advise
mountain
portent, monster
delay, pause
illness, disease
to die
to delay, linger
death
dead, having died
custom
moveo, movere, movi, motum (2)
mox adv.
mulier, mulieris f.
multa n.pl.
multitudo, multitudinis f.
multum adv.
multus -a -um
munus, muneris n.
murus -i m.
muto, mutare, mutavi, mutatum (1)
to move, set in motion, begin
soon
woman, wife
many things
crowd, large number
much
much
gift, duty
wall
to change, alter
n
nam
narro, narrare, narravi, narratum (1)
nascor, nasci, natus sum (3)
nata -ae f.
natio, nationis f.
nato, natare, natavi, natatum (1)
natus -i m.
nauta -ae m.
navigatio, navigationis f.
navigo, navigare, navigavi, navigatum (1)
navis, navis f.
ne conj.
ne … quidem
nebula -ae f.
nec = neque conj.
necdum conj.
necessarius -a -um
necesse est
neco, necare, necavi, necatum (1)
nefas n. indeclinable
negleglentia -ae f.
neglego, neglegere, neglexi, neglectum (3)
nego, negare, negavi, negatum (1)
negotium -i n.
nemo, neminis m.
nepos, nepotis m.
neque…neque conj.
nequiquam adv.
nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitum (4)
nihil
nimis adv.
nisi conj.
nobilis -is -e
noctu adv.
noli/nolite + infin
nolo, nolle, nolui
nomen, nominis n.
non adv.
nondum adv.
nonne? adv.
n
for
to tell, relate
to be born
daughter
tribe, nation
to swim, float
son
sailor
voyage, sailing
to sail
ship
that ..not, lest, in case, so that ..not
not even
cloud, mist
and not, but not
and not yet
necessary
it is necessary
to kill (e.g. by poison)
wickedness, wrong, sin
carelessness, neglect
to neglect, disregard
to deny, say …. not
business, matter
no one
grandson, nephew
neither … nor
for nothing, fruitlessly
not to know
nothing
too much
except, unless
noble, famous
by night
do not, don’t
to be unwilling, not want
name
not
not yet
surely?
19
nonnulli -ae -a
nonnunquam adv.
nos
nosco, noscere, novi, notum (3)
noster, nostra, nostrum
nostri -orum m.pl.
notus -a -um
novus -a -um
nox, noctis f.
nubes, nubis f.
nudus -a -um
nullus -a -um
num
num
numerus -i m.
numquam adv.
nunc adv.
nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatum (1)
nuntius -i m.
nuper adv.
nusquam adv.
some, several
sometimes
we, us
to know, learn to know
our
our men
known, well known, famous
new
night
cloud, gloom
naked, bare
not any, no, none
whether
surely … not?
number
never
now, at present
to report, announce
messenger, message, news
recently, lately
nowhere
o
obicio, obicere, obieci, obiectum (3)
obscurus -a -um
obsecro, obsecrare, obsecravi, obsecratum (1)
obses, obsidis c.
obsideo, obsidere, obsedi, obsessum (2)
obsto, obstare, obstiti, obstatum + dat. (1)
obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, obtentum (2)
obviam eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum + dat.
obvius -a -um
occasio, occasionis f.
occido, occidere, occidi, occisum (3)
occupatus -a -um
occupo, occupare, occupavi, occupatum (1)
occurro, occurrere, occurri, occursum + dat. (3)
oculus -i m.
odium -i n.
offero, offere, obtuli, oblatum
olim adv.
omen, ominis n.
omitto, omittere, omisi, omissum (3)
omnia n.pl.
omnino adv.
omnipotens, omnipotentis m. f. n.
omnis -is -e
onus, oneris n.
oportet
oppidani -orum m.pl.
oppidum -i n.
oppono, opponere, opposui, oppositum (3)
o
to oppose, set before
dark, shady
to beseech
hostage
besiege, blockade
to stand in the way of, block
to hold, possess
to meet
opposite, against
opportunity
to kill
busy, engaged
to seize, occupy, take possession of
to run to meet, to meet, present itself
eye
hatred
to present, bring forward, offer
once, once upon a time, some time ago
omen, sign
to let go, disregard
all
altogether
almighty, all-powerful
all
burden, load
it is necessary, proper
townsfolk, inhabitants of a town
town
to put against, set before
20
opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressum (3)
oppugno, oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatum (1)
optime adv.
optimus -a -um
opto, optare, optavi, optatum (1)
opus, operis n.
ora -ae f.
oratio, orationis f.
orator, oratoris m.
orbis, orbis m.
ordo, ordinis m.
orior, oriri, ortus sum (4)
ornamentum -i n.
orno, ornare, ornavi, ornatum (1)
oro, orare, oravi, oratum (1)
os, oris n.
os, ossis n.
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostensum or ostentum (3)
otium -i n.
ovis, ovis f.
ovum -i n.
to crush, overwhelm
to attack, besiege
best, very well
best, very good, excellent
to choose, wish for
work, labour
coast, edge, region
speech
speaker, spokesman
circle, ring, world
row, series, order
to rise, spring
equipment, decoration
to decorate
to beg, beseech, pray
mouth, face
bone
to show
leisure, quiet
sheep
egg
p
paene adv.
panis -is m.
paratus -a -um
parco, parcere, peperci or parsi, parsum + dat. (3)
parens, parentis m. or f.
pareo, parere, parui + dat. (2)
pariter adv.
paro, parare, paravi, paratum (1)
pars, partis f.
parum
parvus -a -um
passim adv.
passus -us m.
pater, patris m.
patior, pati, passus sum (3)
patria -ae f.
pauci -ae -a
paulatim adv.
paulisper adv.
paulum adv.
pauper, pauperis m. f. n.
pavidus -a -um
pavor, pavoris m.
pax, pacis f.
pectus, pectoris n.
pecunia -ae f.
pecus, pecoris n.
pedes, peditis m.
pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsum (3)
p
nearly, almost
bread
ready, prepared
spare, pardon
parent
to obey
equally
to prepare
part
too little
small
here and there
pace, step
father
to suffer, allow
fatherland
few, a few, little
gradually
for a short time
a little
poor
fearful, trembling
terror, trembling
peace
breast, heart
money
cattle, herd
foot-soldier
to drive out, expel
21
per + acc.
perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditum (3)
pereo, perire, perivi or perii, peritum
perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatum
perficio, perficere, perfeci, perfectum (3)
perfuga -ae m.
periculosus -a -um
periculum -i n.
permaneo, permanere, permansi, permansum (2)
permitto, permittere, permisi, permissum (3)
permoveo, permovere, permovi, permotum (2)
permutatio, permutationis f.
perpetuus -a -um
persequor, persequi, persecutus sum (3)
perseverantia -ae f.
persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi, persuasum + dat. (2)
perterritus -a -um
pertineo, pertinere, pertinui (2)
pervenio, pervenire, perveni, perventum +in/ad + acc. (4)
pes, pedis m.
pessimus -a -um
peto, petere, petivi or petii, petitum (3)
pilum -i n.
piscis, piscis m.
placet + dat.
plebs, plebis f.
plenus -a -um + gen. or abl.
plerique, pleraeque, pleraque
pluit
plura
plures
plurimi -ae -a
plurimus -a -um
plus, pluris
poena -ae f.
poeta -ae m.
polliceor, polliceri, pollicitus sum (2)
pono, ponere, posui, positum (3)
pons, pontis m.
popularis -is -e
populus -i m.
porta -ae f.
porto, portare, portavi, portatum (1)
portus -us m.
posco, poscere, poposci (3)
possideo, possidere, possedi, possessum (2)
possum, posse, potui
post + acc.
postea adv.
postquam conj.
postremo adv.
postridie adv.
22
through, along, throughout
to lose, destroy
to pass away, perish, die
to carry through, finish
to achieve, complete
deserter
dangerous
danger
to remain, persist, last
to let go, surrender
to move, excite
change, alteration
continuous, lasting
to pursue, overtake
persistence, endurance
to persuade, prevail upon
terrified
to extend, reach
to arrive at
foot, paw
the worst, very bad
to seek, ask beg for to make for, attack,
javelin
fish
it pleases, it suits
common people, lower class, plebs
full, filled
most, a good many
it is raining
more (things)
more (people)
very many
very much
more
punishment, penalty
poet
to promise, offer
to place, put, stake, put up
bridge
popular, belonging to the people
people
gate, doorway
to carry
harbour, port
to demand, request
to hold, occupy
can, be able
after, beind
afterwards
after, when
finally
on the following day, next day
potens, potentis m. f. n.
potestas, potestatis f.
potior, potiri, potitus sum + abl. (4)
praebeo, praebere, praebui, praebitum (2)
praeceps, pracipitis m. f. n.
praecipue adv.
praeda -ae f.
praefectus -i m.
praefero, praeferre, praetuli, praelatum
praeficio, praeficere, praefeci, praefectum (3)
praemium -i n.
praesens, praesentis m. f. n.
praesideo, praesidere, praesedi (2)
praesidium -i n.
praesum, praeesse, praefui + dat.
praeter + acc.
praeterea adv.
praetereo, praeterire, praeterii or praeterivi, praeteritum
praetor, praetoris m.
praetorium -i n.
precor, precari, precatus sum (1)
premo, premere, pressi, pressum (3)
pretium -i n.
pridie adv.
primum adv.
princeps, principis m.or f.
prior, prior, prius
prius adv.
priusquam conj.
pro + abl.
procedo, procedere, processi, processum (3)
procul adv.
prodigium -i n
prodo, prodere, prodidi, proditum (3)
proelium -i n.
profero, proferre, protuli, prolatum
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum (3)
progredior, progredi, progressus sum (3)
prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prohibitum (2)
proles, prolis f.
promitto, promittere, promisi, promissum (3)
prope + acc.
propero, properare, properavi, properatum (1)
propinquus -a -um
propior, propior, propius
propter + acc.
prospicio, prospicere, prospexi, prospectum (3)
protinus adv.
provideo, providere, providi, provisum (2)
provincia -ae f.
proximus -a -um
prudens, prudentis m. f. n.
23
powerful, strong
power, control
to take possession of, acquire
to offer, supply
headlong
especially
booty
commander, governor
to carry in front
to put in charge
reward, prize
present, immediate
to sit before, guard
protection, garrison
to be in command of
except, beyond
besides, moreover
to go past, pass by, surpass
praetor, governor
camp headquarters, governor's residence
to pray, beg
to press, tighten
price
the day before
firstly, at first
chief, chieftain, leading citizen emperor
former, previous
formerly, previously, earlier
before, sooner than
for on behalf of, in return for, in front of
to proceed, advance, step forward
far, in the distance
omen, portent
to betray
battle, fight
to carry forth, bring forth
to set out
to advance
to prevent, hinder
offspring, descendant
to promise
near
to hasten, hurry
neighbouring
nearer
on account of, beside
to look forward, watch
immediately, straightaway
to look forward, make provision
province
nearest
foreseeing, prudent
prudentia -ae f.
publice adv.
publicus -a -um
pudor, pudoris m.
puella -ae f.
puer -i m.
pugna -ae f.
pugno, pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatum (1)
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
pulvis, pulveris m.
punio, punire, punivi, punitum (4)
puppis -is f.
purus -a -um
puto, putare, putavi, putatum (1)
pyra -ae f.
knowledge, prudence
publicly
public, belonging to the state
shame, disgrace
girl
boy
fight, combat
to fight, contend
beautiful
dust
to punish
stern, ship
clear, pure, upright
to think, reckon
funeral pyre
q
qua adv.
quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitum (3)
qualis -is -e
quam
quam adv.
quam diu adv.
quam!
quamquam
quamvis
quantus -a -um
quare adv.
quasi adv.
–que conj.
queror, queri, questus sum (3)
qui, quae, quod
quia conj.
quidam, quaedam, quoddam
quidem adv.
quidquam
quies, quietis f.
quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quietum (3)
quis, quis, quid
quisquam, quaequam, quicquam
quisque, quaeque, quodque
quo adv.
quod conj.
quomodo adv.
quoniam adv.
quoque conj.
quot
quotiens adv.
q
where
to look for, search
of what kind, such as
than
how, in what way?
how long
how…!
although
although
how big, how much
why?, wherefore?
as if
and
to complain, lament
who, which
because
a certain thing, person
indeed
anything
rest, peace
to rest
who? what?
anyone, anything
each, everybody, everything
where? where to?
because, which
how? in what way?
since
also, too
how many?
how often, as often as
r
rabies, rabiei f.
radius -i m.
r
madness, rage, fury
ray of light
24
rapidus -a -um
rapio, rapere, rapui, raptum (3)
ratio, rationis f.
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptum (3)
recito, recitare, recitavi, recitatum (1)
rectus -a -um
reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditum (3)
redeo, redire, redivi or redii, reditum
redimo, redimere, redemi, redemptum (3)
reduco, reducere, reduxi, reductum (3)
refero, referre, retuli, relatum
reficio, reficere, refeci, refectum (3)
regia -ae f.
regina -ae f.
regio -ionis f.
regnum -i n.
rego, regere, rexi, rectum (3)
regredior, regredi, regressus sum (3)
religio -ionis f.
relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictum (3)
reliquus -a -um
removeo, removere, removi, remotum (2)
remus -i m.
reor, reri, ratus sum (2)
repello, repellere, reppuli, repulsum (3)
repente adv.
repentinus -a -um
reperio, reperire, repperi, repertum (4)
repeto, repetere, repetivi, repetitum (3)
repleo, replere, replevi, repletum (2)
reporto, reportare, reportavi, reportatum (1)
reprimo, reprimere, repressi, repressum (3)
requiesco, requiescere, requievi, requietum (3)
requiro, requirere, requisivi, requisitum (3)
res publica, rei publicae f.
res, rei f.
reservo, reservare, reservavi, reservatum (1)
resisto, resistere, restiti + dat. (3)
respicio, respicere, respexi, respectum (3)
respondeo, respondere, respondi, responsum (2)
restituo, restituere, restitui, restitutum (3)
retineo, retinere, retinui, retentum (2)
retraho, retrahere, retraxi, retractum (3)
retro adv.
revenio, revenire, reveni, reventum (4)
reverto, revertere, reverti (3)
revoco, revocare, revocavi, revocatum (1)
rex, regis m.
rideo, ridere, risi, risum (2)
ripa -ae f.
rivus -i m.
robur, roboris n.
impetuous, swift
to seize, snatch, grab
reckoning, reason, motive
to hold back, take back, retreat
to recite, read publicly
proper, correct, straight
to give back, return
to go back, return
to buy back, redeem, recover
to bring, lead back, draw back
to carrry, bring back, refer
to restore, revive, refresh
palace
queen
region, district, territory
kingdom, royal power
to rule
to go back, return, retreat
superstition, respect
to leave, leave behind, abandon
remaining, left behind
to move back, withdraw
oar
to think, consider, suppose
to drive back, drive away
suddenly, unexpectedly
sudden, unexpected
to find, discover
to demand back, seek again
to fill again, make full, satisfy
to bring back
to hold back, restrain, hinder
to rest, repose
to ask, to look for
the state, republic
thing, matter, business, affair, situation
to keep back, save, preserve
to resist, oppose, withstand
to look back, behind, care for
to reply, answer
to replace, restore
to retain, keep, hold back
to draw back, drag back, withdraw
backwards, behind
come back, return
to return, come back
to call back, summon back
king
to laugh, smile
bank (of river)
stream
oak, hardness, strength
25
rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatum (1)
rostra, rostrorum n.pl.
ruina -ae f.
rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptum (3)
ruo, ruere, rui, rutum (3)
rupes, rupis f.
rursus adv.
rus, ruris n.
to ask
platform
collapse, ruin
to break, shatter, force open
to rush, fall down, collapse
rock, cliff
again
country(side)
s
sacer, sacra, sacrum
saepe adv.
saevus -a -um
sagitta -ae f.
salus, salutis f.
saluto, salutare, salutavi, salutatum (1)
salve, salvete
sanctus -a -um
sanguis, sanguinis m.
sanus -a -um
sapiens, sapientis m. f. n.
sapientia -ae f.
satis adv. + gen.
saxum -i n.
scaena -ae f.
scelestus -a -um
scelus, sceleris n.
scio, scire, scivi, scitum (4)
scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum (3)
scutum -i n.
se
seco, secare, secui, sectum (1)
secum
secundus -a -um
securus -a -um
sed conj.
sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum (2)
sedes -is f.
seditio, seditionis f.
sella -ae f.
semen, seminis n.
semper adv.
senator, senatoris m.
senatus -us m.
senectus, senectutis f.
senex, senis m.
sententia -ae f.
sentio, sentire, sensi, sensum (4)
sepulchrum -i n.
sequor, sequi, secutus sum (3)
serenus -a -um
sermo, sermonis m.
s
sacred, holy
often
savage, cruel, fierce
arrow
health, safety, welfare
to greet, welcome
hello! good morning! greetings!
consecrated, sacred
blood, race, descendant
healthy, sane
wise, sensible
good sense, wisdom, prudence
enough
rock
stage
wicked
crime
to know
to write
shield
himself, herself, itself, themselves
to cut
with him(self), her(self), it(self), them(selves)
second, favourable
safe, secure, free from care
but
to sit
seat, chair
revolt, rising, mutiny
seat, chair
seed
always
senator
the senate
old age
old man
opinion, thought
to feel, notice, realise, perceive
tomb
to follow
calm, clear, serene, cheerful, glad
conversation, talk
26
serus -a -um
servio, servire, servivi or servii, servitum + dat. (4)
servitudo, servitudinis f.
servo, servare, servavi, servatum (1)
servus -i m.
sese = se
seu = sive conj.
seu...seu conj.
severus -a -um
si conj.
sic adv.
siccus -a -um
sicut/sicuti adv.
sidus, sideris n.
signum -i n.
silentium -i n.
silva -ae f.
similis -is -e + gen.
simul adv.
simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatum (1)
sin conj.
sine + abl.
singulus -a -um
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum
sino, sinere, sivi, situm (3)
sinus -us m.
sive conj.
sive...sive conj.
socius -i m.
sol, solis m.
soleo, solere, solitus sum (2)
solitudo, solitudinis f.
sollicito, sollicitare, sollicitavi, sollicitatum (1)
sollicitus -a -um
solum -i n.
solus -a -um
solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum (3)
somnus -i m.
sono, sonare, sonui, sonitum (1)
sonus -i m.
sordidus -a -um
soror, sororis f.
sors, sortis f.
spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsum (3)
spatium -i n.
species, speciei f.
spectaculum –i n.
specto, spectare, spectavi, spectatum (1)
sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretum (3)
spero, sperare, speravi, speratum (1)
spes, spei f.
splendeo, splendere, splendidi, splenditum (2)
27
late
to serve, to be a slave
slavery, servitude
to keep, save, protect
slave
himself, herself, itself, themselves
if
whether...or
serious, strict, stern
if
thus, in this way
dry
just as
star, constellation
sign, signal, standard
silence
wood, forest
like, similar.
at the same time
to pretend
but if, if however
without
single, one at a time.
left, on the left, wrong.
allow, permit.
fold in cloth, lap, bosom, bay.
if
whether...or
friend, ally
sun, heat of the sun
to be accustomed
loneliness
to worry
anxious, uneasy, worried
ground, soil
alone, lonely
loosen, free, dissolve
sleep
to sound, make a noise
sound
dirty, filthy
sister
lot, fate, casting of lots
to scatter
space, extent, walk
sight, appearance, image, kind
sight, show, spectacle
to look at, watch
put away, despise, scorn
to hope
hope
to shine, glitter
spolio, spoliare, spoliavi, spoliatum (1)
spondeo, spondere, spopondi, sponsum (2)
statim adv.
statio, stationis f.
statuo, statuere, statui, statutum (3)
status -us m.
stella -ae f.
sto, stare, steti, statum (1)
strepitus -us m.
studeo, studere, studui + dat. (2)
studium -i n.
stultus -a -um
sua sponte adv.
suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasum + dat. (2)
sub + abl.
sub + acc.
subeo, subire, subii or subivi, subitum
subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectum (3)
subito adv.
submergo, submergere, submersi, submersum (3)
subsidium -i n.
subvenio, subvenire, subveni, subventum + dat. (4)
sum, esse, fui
summus -a -um
sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptum (3)
super + abl.
super + acc.
superbus -a -um
supero, superare, superavi, superatum (1)
supersum, superesse, superfui
supprimo, supprimere, suppressi, suppressum (3)
supra + acc.
supremus -a -um
surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectum (3)
surripio, surripere, surripui, surreptum (3)
suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptum (3)
suspicor, suspicari, suspicatus sum (1)
suus -a -um
to plunder, rob, strip
to promise, pledge onself
immediately, at once
position, post, anchorage
to settle, decide
position, standing, condition
star
to stand, lie at anchor
din, noise
to be keen on, to support, to study
zeal, eagerness, enthusiasm
stupid, foolish
freely, voluntarily
to advise, recommend, persuade
under, in the power of
close up to, just before
to go up to, to support, to come to the assistance
submit, place under, subject to
suddenly
sink
help, support
to come to the help of
to be
highest, greatest, top of
to take up, obtain, choose
over, above
upon, beyond
proud, arrogant
to overcome, conquer, defeat
to survive
to suppress
above, over
last
to get up, rise
to steal
to undertake
to suspect, infer
his, her, its, their (own)
t
taberna -ae f.
tabernaculum -i n.
taceo, tacere, tacui, tacitum (2)
tacitus -a -um
talis -is -e
tam adv.
tamen conj.
tamquam adv.
tandem adv.
tango, tangere, tetigi, tactum (3)
tantum adv
tantus -a -um
t
inn, shop
tent
to be silent
silent, quiet
of such a kind
so
however, nevertheless
so as, just as
at last, finally, at length
to touch, strike, hit, affect
only
so great, such a great
28
tardus -a -um
tectum -i n.
tego, tegere, texi, tectum (3)
tellus, telluris f.
telum -i n.
tempestas, tempestatis f.
templum -i n.
tempto, temptare, temptavi, temptatum (1)
tempus, temporis n.
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentum or tensum (3)
tenebrae -arum f.pl.
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum (2)
tenuis -is -e
tepidus -a -um
ter adv.
tergum -i n.
terra -ae f.
terreo, terrere, terrui, territum (2)
terror, terroris m.
testis, testis c.
timeo, timere, timui (2)
timidus -a -um
timor, timoris, m.
toga -ae f.
tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatum (3)
torqueo, torquere, torsi, torsum (3)
tot indeclinable
totiens adv.
totus -a -um
tra(ns)mitto, tra(ns)mittere, tra(ns)misi,
tra(ns)missum (3)
trado, tradere, tradidi, traditum (3)
traduco, traducere, traduxi, traductum (3)
traho, trahere, traxi, tractum (3)
traicio, traicere, traieci, traiectum (3)
tranquillitas, tranquillitatis f.
trans + acc.
transeo, transire, transivi or transii, transitum
transfero, transferre, transtuli, translatum
transgredior, transgredi, transgressus sum (3)
tremo -ere, tremui (2)
trepidatio -onis f.
trepidus -a- um
tribunal -alis n.
tribunus -i m.
triclinium -i n.
tristis -is -e
triumpho, triumphare, triumphavi, triumphatum (1)
triumphus -i m.
tu
tueor/tuor, tueri, tuitus/tutus sum (2)
tum adv.
29
slow
roof, house, dwelling
to cover, hide, protect
the earth, world, land
weapon, missile
storm, season, attack
temple
to attempt, prove, test
time
to stretch, go forwards, make for
darkness, night
to hold, keep
thin, fine, slight, unimportant
lukewarm, tepid
three times
back
ground, earth, land
frighten, terrify
fright, fear, panic
witness, eye witness
to fear
timid
fear
toga
to lift, raise, remove, take away
to twist, torture
so many
so often
whole
to send across, cross over
to hand over, relate, record
to bring over, lead past, show
to drag, draw
to throw, hurl, penetrate
calm, peacefulness, quietness
across, over
to cross
to carry across
to go across, go over
to tremble (at)
alarm, fear, anxiety, trepidation
anxious, restless, agitated
tribunal, raised platform
tribune, military tribune
dining-room
sad
to triumph, gain a victory
triumph(al procession)
you (sing.)
to take care of, protect, look after
then
tumultus -us m.
tumulus -i m.
tunc adv.
tunica -ae f.
turba -ae f.
turbidus -a -um
turpis -is -e
tutus -a -um
tuus -a -um
panic, tumult, din, confusion
hill, mound
then, at that time
tunic
crowd
confused, troubled, disturbed
disgraceful
safe
your
u
ubi adv.
ubi? adv.
ullus -a -um
ultimus -a -um
ultra adv.
ultra prep. + acc.
umbra -ae f.
umerus -i m
umidus -a -um
umquam, unquam adv.
una adv.
unda -ae f.
unde adv.
undique adv.
universus -a -um
urbs, urbis f.
usquam adv.
usque ad + acc.
ut (+ indic.)
ut (+ subj.)
uter, utra, utrum
uterque, utraque, utrumque
utilis -is -e
utor, uti, usus sum (3) + abl.
uxor, uxoris f.
u
when, as soon as
where?
any
last
beyond, besides
beyond, past
shadow, shade
shoulder
wet, damp
ever
together
wave, water
from where?
on all sides
whole, entire,
city
anywhere
right up to
as, when
that, in order that, so that, to
which (of two)
each (of two), either
useful
use
wife
v
vacuus -a -um
vado, vadere (3)
valde adv.
vale, valete
valeo, valere, valui, valitum (2)
valetudo, valetudinis f.
validus -a -um
vallis -is f.
vallum -i n.
vanus -a -um
varius -a -um
vates, vatis m. or f.
-ve conj.
vel conj.
v
empty, vacant
to go, advance
extremely
goodbye!
to be strong, to be able
health
strong
valley
rampart
empty, vain
varied, different
prophet, prophetess
or
or
30
vel … vel … conj.
velut adv.
vendo, vendere, vendidi, venditum (3)
venio, venire, veni, ventum (4)
ventus -i m.
verbero, verberare, verberavi, verberatum (1)
verbum -i n.
vereor, vereri, veritus sum (2)
vero adv.
verto, vertere, verti, versum (3)
verus -a -um
vesper -i (is) m.
vester, vestra, vestrum
vestigium -i n.
vestimentum –i n.
vestis -is f.
veto, vetare, vetui, vetitum (1)
vetus, veteris m. f. n.
vexo, vexare, vexavi, vexatum (1)
via -ae f.
vicinus -a -um
victor, victoris m.
vicus -i m.
video, videre, vidi, visum (2)
villa -ae f.
vinco, vincere, vici, victum (3)
vinum -i n.
vir, viri m.
virgo, virginis f.
virtus, virtutis f.
vis, viris (acc. vim, abl. vi, pl.vires), f.
vita -ae f.
vitam ago, agere, egi, actum (3)
vitium -i n.
vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatum (1)
vivo, vivere, vixi, victum (3)
vivus -a -um
vix adv.
voco, vocare. vocavi, vocatum (1)
volo, velle, volui
volo, volare, volavi, volatum (1)
voluptas, voluptatis f.
volvo, volvere, volvi, volutum (3)
vos
votum -i n.
vox, vocis f.
vulnero, vulnerare, vulneravi, vulneratum (1)
vulnus, vulneris n.
vultus -us m.
either … or …
as, just as
to sell
to come
wind
to beat
word
to fear
indeed
to turn, change
real, true
evening
your (plural)
trace, footprint
garment
garment
to forbid, prohibit
old
to annoy, harass, tease
road, street, way
neighbouring
conqueror
village
to see
villa, house
to conquer, overcome
wine
man, husband
maid, virgin
courage, heroism
power, force, strength
life
to spend one's life
fault, vice
to avoid
to live
alive, living
scarcely
to call
to wish, want
fly
pleasure
to roll, turn round
you (plural)
vow, prayer
voice
to wound, injure
wound
face, expression, countenance
Numbers
unus -a -um
Numbers
one
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duo, duae, duo
tres, tres, tria
quattuor
quinque
sex
septem
octo
novem
decem
undecim
duodecim
tredecim
quattuordecim
quindecim
sedecim
septemdecim
duodeviginti
undeviginti
viginti
triginta
quadraginta
quinquaginta
sexaginta
septuaginta
octoginta
nonaginta
centum
primus -a -um
secundus -a -um
tertius -a -um
quartus -a -um
quintus -a -um
sextus -a -um
septimus -a -um
octavus -a -um
nonus -a- um
decimus -a -um
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
one hundred
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
NCCA acknowledges the work of the Classical Association of Ireland – Teachers in preparing this vocabulary.
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