Classification History
4th century BC
Aristotle- Organisms were plants or animals.
Animals were placed into groups
Based on where they lived.
Land, air, or water.
Theophrastus-Grouped plants into 3 subgroups.
-tall w/one woody stem.
Trees
-medium w/several woody stems.
Shrubs
-small with nonwoody, green stems.
Herbs
1700’s
Linnaeus
1. Established a system of groups called
TAXA.
2. Placed similar organisms into each
taxon based upon structural
similarities.
3. Used a hierarchy to organize taxa.
The broadest taxon being Kingdom,
Separated plants from animals.
These Kingdoms were further split into
smaller taxon until organisms were so
similar they could interbreed = species.
4. Developed Binomial Nomenclature.
Modern Taxonomic order of hierarchy.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
HW: Research one organism from each
Kingdom and provide its completed
classification.
The 6? Kingdoms
Define:
1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic
3. Heterotrophic
4. Autotrophic
Prokaryotic (before kernel)
Cells do not contain a nucleus or
membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic (true kernel)
Cells have a nucleus and membranebound organelles.
Heterotrophic (other nutrition)
Cannot produce its own food.
Autotrophic (self nutrition)
Produces its own food.
Kingdom Key
1. Cell type
1a. Prokaryotic
1b. Eukaryotic
Monera go to 2
go to 3
2. Environment
2a. Extreme
Archaebacteria
2b. Common , true Bacteria, Eubacteria
3. # of cells
3a. Multicellular body
3b. Unicellular body
4. Mode of Nutrition
4a. Heterotorphic
4b. Autotrophic
go to 4
Protista
go to 5
Plantae
5. Method of Heterotrophy
5a. Absorptive
Fungi
6b. Ingestive
Animal
HW:
Create a graph representing each
Kingdoms characteristics based on:
a. Multicellular or Unicellular
b. Cell type
1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic
c. Mode of nutrition
1. Autotrophic
2. Heterotrophic
d. Example pictures and/or names
Kingdom Key
1. Cell type
1a. Prokaryotic
1b. Eukaryotic
Monera go to 2
go to 3
2. Environment
2a. Extreme
Archaebacteria
2b. Common , true Bacteria, Eubacteria
3. # of cells
3a. Multicellular body
3b. Unicellular body
4. Mode of Nutrition
4a. Heterotorphic
4b. Autotrophic
go to 4
Protista
go to 5
Plantae
5. Method of Heterotrophy
5a. Absorptive
Fungi
6b. Ingestive
Animalia
Dichotomous Keys1. A list of observable traits that eventually
Lead you to the name of an organism.
1a. do you understand? . . . . . Go to 2
1b. do not understand! . . . . . . Go to 1
2. Observations are presented as choices.
2a. do you want to move ahead?. .Go to 3
2b. do you want to go back? . . . Go to 1
3. Choices often split groups in half.
3a. are you a girl? . . . .Go to 4
3b. are you a boy? . . . Go to the next #
4. Each choice either directs you to a following
choice or tells you the name of your organism.
4a. do you understand? . . . Dichotomous Key
4b. do not understand! . . . Go to 5
5. Example: your Kingdom Key
5a. any questions? . . . Ask me
5b. want more info? . . . Do lab p496