E. B. White
l h r . 'c , n . u b c , r . . r ;
r n e n t s .C o n s i d e r t h e b c e r c a n . l t w a s b e r u t i l l l a s b ca u tr i u la s tl r e
c l o t h e s p r na,s i n e v i t a b l ea st h e ! | i n e b , ] l e ,r s d r g n i l i e da n d r e a sr u r i n q
as
W e r e c e i v e d a l ette r ir o m th e Wr ite r s' Wa r
Bo a rd the other day t h e h r e h y d r a n t .A t r a n q u r lc , - l i n d e ro f d e l r l h t l u l l u e so n a n t ,r ,e ta i ,i t
as l i n g f o r a s t a r e m er lo n
Ih e \le ;n r n q o l De m o cr a r r. l l pre!umabl y c o u l d b e o p e n c di n a n r r t t a n t , r e q u t r r n q
o n l l t h e a pp l l ca ti o no l ,r h a n d \
is o u t d u t y t o c o m p l v with su ch a r e q u e st, a n d it is ce r ta i nl y our pl easure. gadget freelv dispcnsedbl e!ery grocer \\'ho carr loreer thc srnall,
S u r e l y t h e B o a r d kn o ws wh a t d e m o cr a cy is. It is th e line that forms oo r y m m e t n c a l . t h r i l l o If I o s e t w o t L r a n e u l aprL r n c t u r es,
th e d a r n trp l l l l , ti te
t he r i g h t . I t i s l h e d o n ' t in d o n t sh o ve . It is th e h o le in the stufi ed shi rt i t t l e c r e s tt l s u d st h a l l o a m c de a g e r l vi n t h e e x r i l t a ti o n
o l r e l e r se l\o r v
t hr o u g h w h i c h t h e sa wd u st slo wlv tr ickle s; ;t is th e d e nt i n the hi gh hat. , e a r e g r v e n ,l n s t e a da, t o p b e e t i i n Bw r t I a n u g l i , s hn r o osh a p cd,,ta b ,.,
De m o c r a c v i s t h e r ecu r e n t su sp icio n th a t m o r e th a n hal f of the peopl e w h i c h ,a l t e l 6 e l c e l yr e s i s t i n gt h c t L r g g i n gb,l e e d i n gf i n g e r so l i h e r h r r stv
are r i g h t m o r e t h a n h a lf o f th e tim e . It is th e fe e lin g ol pri vacy i n the m a n ,t h r e a t e n sh i s l i p s w i t h a d a n g e r o uasn d h i C e o us
h o l c.Il o w e ve r ,w e
d w a y t o t h w a r tP r o g r e s su,s u a l l rs 9n n 1 1 1 ya 1 1 "6a1u"r u
v ot i n g b o o t h s , t h e fe e lin g o f co m m u n io n in th e lib r a r ies, the feel i ng of h a v ed i s c o v e r e a
v ita l i t y e v e r y w h e r e . De m o cr a cy is a le tte r to th e e d itor. D emocracy i s lhe beercanupsidedown andopen|habattom.The bottcrmis strlllhe w.av
t he s c o r e a l t h e b e gin n in g o f th e n in th - It is a n id e a whi ch hasn't been t h e l o p u s e dt o b e . f r u e , t h i so p c r a t i o ng r v e st h e b c e ra n u r r se ttl i n g
loli,
dis p r o v e d v e t , a s o ng th e wo r d s o f wh ich h a ve n o t g one bad. It's the a n dt h e s i g h to f a c o n s i s t e n t lIyn v c r l e db e e rc a nm i g ht r n a kcp e o p l ee d g 1 ,
m u s l a r d o n t h e h o t do g a n d th e cr e a m in th e r a tio n e d cofi ee. f)emocracv n o t t o s a yq u c a s yt.s u tt h e I a t t e rd i l f i c u l t vc o u l db e e l i ni n a tcdi l n ;r n u fa c
i' r r e q u e \ l f r o m r W a r Bo a r d , In lh e m id d le o f a m o r n rng rn the mi ddl e turerswould desrgncansthat lookedthe sinrew hrchever
cnd rrasup, like
playingcards.What we needrsl,rogressrvith an ercapehatch
of r w a r . , , \ a n l i n g l o ln s$ wh r l d e m o cr a ( y is.
194)
t9 6 4
DEMOCRACY
ffi
O r a n g e s a n . r ir .r n ta l]h lo .s.,m t h a ve lo n g b e e n symbol s ot
l o v c R o c c a c c i os l,/e ca r r "r o r , wr ir r e o ,n r h e fo u n e e n th cenrurv,
i s r e d o l e n r w i l h t he sce n r o f o r a o g e sa n d o r a n g e b lo ssoms,w ,th
l o v e r s w h o w a s h in o r a o Be flo we . *a r e r , a co u r te sa nwho sprj n
k l e s h e r s h c e t sw ir h o r a n g e p e r fu m e , a n d lh c m o u r n fu l Isabel l a,
w h o c u r so f f t h e he a d o f h e r d e a d b ve r . b u r ie s il in a n ampte pol ,
p l a n r s b a s i l a b ( ) ve ir , r n d ir r ig a te s r h e h e r b s e xclu sj vel y w i rh
f o s e w a r e r .o r a n g e .fio we rwa r e r , a n d ( e a r s In r h e fifr eenrhcen
rurr", the Countess Marhrlda of wijnrembeiE-reaA?E-f16fEer
- r m p r $ r o n e d r , l n r | r e r . Dr He r n , h \r e r n h ,,wcl /d e ( h rj r,onef
l,'ve In rh( t,r'm
r Ar ft ,' f r w" d ,,ze n
^f
^ r a n g e s- - g s!q.S ,!q!rI i r l e J C e r m r n c i rl\ $ e r p r h r .q r n B,,r r n g o r d o wn tr o m rherr h,Tc o n i e s i n r h e y : F \a r
g ir ls 1 n lla ly o r Sp a in we r e dropprng
h r n J k p r . h r e f \ { r e' } td n ( r \ | d ' r m r r r . r ltv \r ve d M Jr \ei l te\ trom
r r p a n r . h ' r e g ' f ir e {
le r .r q r , h e lJ t ,r h r m r r r h e r rry \ hal
b o r s r d e .a n d M : | r se illa isel? d ie s, In r o ke n o f lh e ir lo ve and grara
l u d e , p c l l e d h i m wir h o r r n g e s Evcn No sr r a d a m u swas suffi
. l e n t l y r m p r e s s e dwir h r h e se n su a lp o we r o f o .a n g e sr o publ i sh,
I n l s s 6 I h , n k . { r h ,,w In !r ,4 p r ( c !a flo u 5 .u ,m cr k\ ttom ol
r n q . \ J n . i o r r n q e h ln ,,o m .fr im e ) ,c' p
/ t*, u \F d , L ' ,mer,.rtry
h v . . l d r e r , ' f r h e Fr cn , h , u tffi- r r h c
,e n rurv.qni ,
k e p r r h e m o n t h e i r p e r so o a n d b ir In lo r h e m fr o m tim c ro ri me i n
o r d e r r o . e d d e n r h e r r lip s In r h e n in e r ce n r h ce n r u rv, oran8e
b l o s s o m sw e r e r eg u la .ly sh r p p e d r o Pa r a sr n sa lte d b a rrel s from
I \ o v e n c e , l o r n o F .e n ch b d e wa n r e d r o b e m a r .,e d w i rhour
w e t r i n g o r h o l d r nS th e m
famesThurber:A Doc's Evl: Vrew or MAN
If Man has benefitedimmeasurablyby his association
with Ihe dog,
what,you may ask,hasthe dog Botout of it? [iis scrollhas,of course,been
heavilychargedwith punishments:
he hasknown lhe muzzle,the leash,
and the tether;he hassufieredthe indiBnitiesof the showbench,lhe tin
canon the tail, the ribbonin thc hair;hislovelife wrth the othersexol his
specieshasbeen regulatedby the frigid handof authority,his digestron
ruinedby the macaroons
and ma15hmallows
of dolinBwomen.I'he list of
his woescould be continuedinde6oitelv.But he hasaisohad his [Lrn,for
he has bccn privilcgedto live with and studl al closerangethe onlv
creaturewith reason,the most unreasonable
of crealufcs.
'I he dog hasgot morefun out of Man than l\{an hasgot orrtof thc doq,
reasonthal Man is thc rnorclaughable
for the clearlydemonstrable
ol the
two animals.The dog haslong becn bemusedbv the singularactivitics
and the curiouspracticesof men, cockin8his hcad inquiringlyto onc
s i d e ,i n t e n t l y w a t . h i n t a n d l i s t e n r n gt o t h e s t r a n q cslq o i n g so n i n th c
world. []e hasseenmen sing loqetherand fight one anotherin the same
evening.lle hat watchedthemgo to bed whenit is Iime to get up,andget
u p w h e n i t i s t i m e t o g o t o b e d H e h a s o b s e r v e d t h e md cstr o \r r n g th cso r l
io vast areas,and nurturing it in small patchcs.Iie has stoodbv while
men built strongand solidhousesIor resland qurct,and thcn 6lledthem
Jo h n McP hee
''Orange5
l l r s t o r y r s ,lwa ys wr ilte n b y r h e vicr o r s T h e b asi c Tudor
p i c t u r e o f R i . h a d r s a b lo o d th ir sty r y.a n t wa s h a nded do*n
r h r o u g h r h c s r : r n d a r dh r stffics o l En g la n d r n d th e school rext
boc'ks for live centuries Thcrc hes b.cn.n
ob.ttn{c
oppoila l o n , b o * € v c r . . Re g in n in g wr lh sir Ge o r g e Bu ck io the l Trh
c e n t u r y ,i r s e r i e so fwr ir e r s a n d h isto r ia n sh a ve in siste dthat R i ch
, r d w ? s n o t g e nin g r fa ir b r e a k. th a t lh e fu d o r versi on w es
l e r S c l y f e b f l c a t' o fl' fu r fr o m b cin g a m o n sr e r Richard w as a
n o b l e , u p f l g h t . co u r a g e o u s,r e n d e r h e a r te da n d m o st consci en
t i o u s k i n g T h i s a n ti T u d o r ve r sio n r e a ch e d its d e fini ti ve state.
m e n l i n t h e w o r k o f Sir Cle m e n r s M a r kh a m , a l9 th century ec
centric who spent years of passionate aesearch trying to prove
t h a t c r i m e s a t l f l bu te d to Rich a r dwe r e e ith e r o u tr ig ht l i bel s bv,
o r r h e a c l u a l q ' o r k o f, a p a ck o f villa in s. m o st n o ta b ly i ncl udi ng
( l . l r d i n a l M o ( o n a n d He n r y vll
Robert\vernr(k
''After 5@ Yeafs, Ord Crookba.k
Can 5( r il( r .k Up; Fur s
A nd rhe sl reams,rhes€ men di scovered,
w ere tul l oi l i s h
_.
rn: hi l l s
ru of same rhere w ere. ro rhei r
experi enc ed
:,erc
\',1n\
"t r'|err Jnd rn,, Li ki nr neeu \,8n s rLl k n^w
::::..11Ine'f"
:rn.ut
deer rhev sere
nImcr,,u\ rhrr w hen ri Jer( , res red
r hrl l . Ishote_herd rnrghr-,
terp.rw r\. Inthe!a evhelow q/hrre
rrrl \ nr\nrnR Thcre !!ere,.rhcr w hi rr rJrl s.
Ino rrbhrrr In J hun
A nd Jr rhe men \rr rhp,! hur\es. rJ ns.
fl Lrc ft\,,f w !td
:]j 1,'e
In .,tho,rerre JtonR rhi . n,tx.s rioney hc e\
:']l T") ",,,,'.9
honevhunq
rree.r',rrheukrng
ll:i1'l
::ll::1i,_.:
w "o musr.rnq
'n 'he
prJtes "nd
ptump J,xi purt,te
h,r'l g
do*n f,,r mak rri g
wrne
onc of thc 6rst mdr to comc to
thc Hlll Coun_
__Wroac
try: "It 1. . P.r-rdl!c.R obertA C rro
l (l l r11
fohn Donne: Mr,;l Anr. SLtnpr:,c Plrrso.,rrrs
\!e a r e all c onc eiv ed
r n c l o s ep ri s o ni;n o u r N l o th e rs
w ombs,w e are
cl o sep rrs onerall;
s whenw c a reb o rn ,w ea reb o rnb u t to th eli bertyof thc
h n x'e .ip 1' . n. s 1, , t r llt \ ou e h rrrl h .nl a rg c r* a l l r:a n drh e r ral l ,,uri i te r.
b u t a g o i ngout lo t he pla c eo l e x e c u ti o nto
, d e a th N
. o w w asthereever
a n v ma n s eent o s lc c pin l h e c a rt,b e tw e e nN e w g a tea, n d ' l l burn?2
Be l w e e nlhe pr is onendt h ep l a c eo [ e x e c u ti o nd,o e sa n 1mansl eep?
A nd
rvesl e cpall t he war ; lr om th e w o m b to th e g ra v ew e a re ncvci rthor
oL tq h lar u ak e;but pas son rv i ths u c hd re a m sa,n di m a g i n a ti ons
asthesc,I
r n a vl i ve as wc ll,asanot h e r,
a n dw h v s h o u l dId i e , ra th e rthananothcr?
Brrlrw a ke,andt ellnr c .r , , r. l hrsl L ,,rQ rrAi ro m o ?W
l h o i s th atotherthat
lh o u ta l k c sof
t l \ l' I al nu; rIr l tr th rt ]]!e th .a n ds h a /l n ost e ed cath?
1640
W o l v e s , r w e n i y o . a h lr r y su lr sF cie s o f a h e m ,
are H ol arc a t c - t h a t
l s . t h e y o n ce r o a m € d m o 6 t o f a h e Noatbern
Hemlspbere.above
thl.tydegr€es
oorth latltude. -l.hc1,*,cre
lou n d r h r o u g h o u r E u ( ) p e . f.( ) m th e Z cze r e Rjvcr Vr llcy
of por
t ug! l n o r t h t o l - l n l a n d ,n d so L r r h to r h e M e d lie r r r n e ? n
Thev
nt rm ( L l r J \ l t r n E l . u pr . r lr c n .,tkJu , Jn ( t r h r ) ,JIr r
r Il,t V ,.l (tJc
I . ] lr s rs r ) u r h i n r o A r r br l T h e f we r e tir u n d r n Afg h r n jsran
and
non h e r n I n d r x , r h r ( J Ug h o u rRu jjsn n ( ) flh r n tl) Sr b e r la .
5 o urh agaj o
. r5 f t r a s C h r n a , ! n d ca sl In io r h c r slr n d s o t
la p r n fn ni .i n
A rn e f l c r r h c * ( ) l f r c r .h cd , s( ) u th cr n lif
,,,,r
,Jn!sr,
,,,,,rn
J.,Jr,., ,,,
".,
.";ll:;:i,;:I';ll.ji:l:
rnJ ,r f , , u r r r u r l t l l i J n , l l,., lr ,,r n th i \.,r r lr p ,,i ( r .
t\,1 1 .u I h, ta,d
and Na/tb Alrrca, and suLb ptaces as tbe Cob Desert,
tiott,es- ri
tp tbp dtferen.L.cs tn
fL'1
Seograpbt,rr seems asronsbrng
::aE
haa
adaptcd to rt ualb. euca, babitaa auailablp
to tbem
Earry Hot5runLopez
Ot wolvet and Mcn
r-
P ul N g:
D I-'
'\
v
''
arrHERE
is somerhlnS so drect and unaffected abour an
I srchitectural drawing thar it i\ easy to forget that al.
thoutb it app€ars to be an objective reprcs€ntation of reality, it may be as much an illusion as a painting by MaSritte.
The most commonly reproduced drawing of the Fallingwatcr hous€ shows the cornplex interpcnekations of the
overlappitrS, pinwhe€liDg teiraces as they are seen from
above. But, unless onc were to pass over the house in a
balloon, this a€rial view remains an asp€ct of the design
thst is inaccessible to the normal visitor-it
is an abshaction. Even more byTrothetical was an architect's drawin8
that was published when plans for the new headquarters
of AT&T in New York were unveiled; the handsome drawin8 depicted a tall o6ce building with a prominent Chip
pendrlc biShboy top. At first Slancc tie tableau looked real:
tlere werr cars ard buses on the s0eet, and people on the
sidewalk; the neithboring buildings were shown, jusr a,s
thcy really are, and casting sbadows, just as tiey do. Unfortunatcly, because Madison Avenue is so narrow, it is a
vicw tbat can never b€experienced, not unlessseveral buildints on thc opposite side of tic street werc to be demolished
0o clesr the required vista.