AP Biology Trimester One Final Exam Review Guide
 Exam Information: Your Final Exam will consist of 100 multiple choice questions.
 The exam covers material from chapters 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17, 18.
 Below you will find the chapter sections and number of questions on the exam related
to each section.
Chapter 2 Life Chemistry & Energy = 19 questions
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2.1 Atomic Structure is the Basis for Life’s Chemistry
o 3 Questions
2.2 Atoms Interact and Form Molecules
o 4 Questions
2.3 Carbohydrates consist of sugar molecules
o 2 Questions
2.4 Lipids are Hydrophobic Molecules
o 4 Questions
2.5 Biochemical Changes Involve Energy
o 6 Questions
Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes = 19 Questions
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3.1 Nucleic Acids are Informational Molecules
o 6 Questions
3.2 Proteins are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
o 9 Questions
3.3 Some Proteins act as Enzymes to Speed up Chemical Reactions
o 2 Questions
3.4 Regulation of Metabolism Occurs by Regulation of Enzymes
o 1 Question
Chapter 4 Cells: The Working of Units of Life = 20 Questions
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4.1 Cells Provide Compartments for Bio Chemical Reactions
o 6 Questions
4.2 Prokaryotic Cells do not have a Nucleus
o 1 Question
4.3 Eukaryotic Cells Have a Nucleus and Other Membrane-Bound Compartments
o 12 Questions
4.5 Extracellular Structures Allow Cells to Communicate with the External Environment
o 1 Question
Chapter 15: Mechanisms of Evolution = 14 Questions
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15.1 Evolution is Both Factual and the Basis of Broader Theory
o 3 Questions
15.2 Mutation, selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and nonrandom mating result in evolution
o 5 Questions
15.3 Evolution can be measured by changes in Allele Frequencies
o 1 Question
15.4 Selection can be stabilizing, directional, or disruptive
o 2 Questions
15.5Genomes reveal both neutral and selective processes of evolution
o 2 Questions
15.6 Recombination, lateral gene transfer, and gene duplication can result in new features
o 1 Question
Chapter 16: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies = 11 Questions
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16.1 All life is connected through its evolutionary history.
o 6 Questions
16.3 Phylogeny makes biology comparative and predictive.
o 3 Questions
16.4 Phylogeny is the basis of biological classification.
o 2 Questions
Chapter 17: Speciation = 11 Questions
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17.1 Species are reproductively isolated lineages on the tree of life.
o 2 Questions
17.3 Speciation may occur through geographic isolation or sympatry.
o 5 Questions
17.4 Reproductive Isolation is reinforced when diverging species come into contact.
o 4 Questions
Chapter 18: The history of life on Earth = 7 Questions
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18.1 Events in Earth’s history can be dated.
o 2 Questions
18.2 Changes in earth’s physical environment have affected the evolution of life
o 2 Questions
18.3 Major events in the evolution of life can be read in the fossil record.
o 3 Questions
Topics to Review…
Differences
between
prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
Differences
between DNA &
RNA
Organelles:
Nucleus, vacuole,
mitochondria,
chloroplasts
ribosome, cell
walls, lysosome
Natural Selection &
Sexual Selection
Gene Flow, Genetic
Drift, Mutations
Half life, Molecular
Clocks
Permian Mass
Extinction,
Cenozoic Era
Types of Selection:
Directional,
Disruptive,
Stabilizing…
Denaturation of
Proteins
Structural Levels of
Proteins
Cell Theory
General
composition and
properties of lipids
& carbohydrates
Types of Energy,
Free Energy,
Entropy
Nucleotide Pairing
Rules
Species Concepts &
Reproductive
Isolation
mechanisms…
Atoms, Chemical
Bonds, Polarity,
Water…
Convergent vs.
Divergent Evolution
Enzymes: Active
Site, Substrate,
Inhibitors…
Phylogenetic Trees,
Synapomorphies &
Derived Traits
Metabolism:
Catabolism &
Anabolism,
Dehydration &
Hydrolysis