Hormone Names
Release Origin
Target Tissue(s)
Effect
What is being controlled
Antagonistic/
Synergistic/ Neither
Animal or Plant
Hormones
Oxytocin –Posterior
Pituitary
Oxytocin –Uterus &
Breast Muscle
Oxytocin – Muscle contraction to expel the
baby & expel milk in the breast
Birth and Breast Feeding
Synergistic – These two
hormones work
together at birth
Animal
Prolactin –Anterior
Pituitary
Prolactin –
Mammary glands of
the breast
Prolactin – stimulate milk production
ADH –Posterior
Pituitary
ADH & ANFDistal Tubule &
Collecting Duct of
nephrons in the
kidney
Osmoregulation – water control
Antagonistic – They
work against each other
to control water levels
Animal
Metabolism and Blood calcium
levels
Antagonistic on blood
Calcium levels
Animal
Not related
Animal
Oxytocin &
Prolactin (PRL)
Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH) &
Atrial Nutriuretic
Factor (ANF)
Thyroid Stimulating
Hormone (TSH) &
Parathyroid
Hormone (PTH)
Human Growth
Hormone (HGH) &
Erythropoietin
(EPO)
ANF – Right atrium
of the heart
TSH – Anterior
Pituitary
TSH – Thyroid gland
PTH - bones
PTH – Thyroid gland
HGH – Anterior
Pituitary
HGH – liver and
muscle tissue
EPO - kidneys
EPO- bone marrow
ADH – reduces urine production by
reabsorbing the water because the body is
dehydrated.
ANF – increases urine production by causing
less water reabsorption because the blood
pressure is too high due to the extra water
TSH – helps control metabolism rates using T3
and T4 hormones & calcium levels using
Calcitonin – lowers Ca levels by making bone
cells take it up by building bone
T3 – active form – increases cellular respiration
T4 – inactive form – movement in the blood to
the cells.
PTH – raises blood Ca levels by causing bone
cells to break down bone
HGH – makes muscle cells grow and divide &
causes the liver to release Insulin Growth
Factors (IGF) which makes bone and cartilage
grow to support greater muscle mass.
EPO – stimulates red blood cell production to
increase oxygen transportation levels.
HGH – bodily growth
EPO – Oxygen levels in the blood
FSH & LH – Anterior
Pituitary
Follicle Stimulating
Hormone (FSH) &
Luteinizing
Hormone (LH)
FSH & LH – Ovaries
of females or Testies
of males
FSH – stimulates follicles to begin to mature in
the ovaries & causes estrogen to be released
to the uterus to begin endometrial
proliferation. In males- stimulate sperm
production and release of testosterone.
Testosterone and Estrogen both stimulate
sexual maturation.
Reproductive Cycles and sexual
maturation
Synergistic – help
control reproductive
cycles
Animal
MSH – Tanning response to
Avoid UV damage from the sun
Not related
Animal
Blood glucose levels associated
with eating
Antagonistic to control
blood glucose levels
Animal
Energy production in stressful
times (A.K.A. Fight-or-flight
mechanism)
Synergistic to control
energy production
Animal
LH – stimulates a mature follicle to be
released (ovulation) from the ovary & release
of progesterone to stimulate endometrial
cells to produce large quantities of sugar for
nutritional need of possible implant by
fertilized zygote (blastula stage)
Melanocyte
Stimulating
Hormone (MSH) &
Melatonin
Insulin
& Glucagon
MSH – Anterior
Pituitary
Melatonin – Pineal
Gland of the brain
Melatonin –
Suprachiasmatic
Nuclei (SCN) of the
brain stem
Insulin – Beta cells
of the Islets of
Langerhans in the
Pancreas
Insulin – Liver and
body cells
Glucagon – Alpha
cells of the Islets of
Langerhans in the
Pancreas
Epinephrine –
Medulla of Adrenal
gland & neurons
Epinephrine &
Norepinephrine
MSH – skin cells
Norepinephrine –
Medulla of Adrenal
Gland & neurons
Glucagon – Liver and
body cells
Muscle cells and
Liver
MSH – Stimulates skin cells to begin producing
melanin protein pigment to try and absorb
harmful UV radiation. (Tanning response)
Melatonin – Stimulates sleep
Insulin – stimulates cells to take up excess
sugar in the blood to lower blood sugar levels
& helps raise cellular respiration rates.
Melatonin -Sleep and awareness
cycles
Glucagon – raises blood sugar levels by
causing the liver to break down glycogen to
glucose and put it in the blood.
Both increase: cellular respiration rates,
conversion of glycogen, lipids, and proteins to
energy, breathing and oxygen uptake,
increase blood pressure
ReninAngiotensinogenAldosterone System
(RAAS)
Auxin (IAA) &
Cytokinins
Renin – afferent
arteriole of the
glomerulus
Angiotensin – blood
Renin – blood
Angiotensin –
arterioles & Adrenal
gland
Aldosterone –
Adrenal gland
Aldosterone – Distal
tubules & collecting
ducts of nephons in
the kidneys
IAA – Apical
meristem of shoots
IAA – Stems, Trunk,
and roots
Cytokinins – Apical
meristem of roots
Cytokinins – Stems
and Trunk
Renin – Activates the blood enzyme
Angiotensinogen to become angiotensin
Angiotensin – causes the adrenal gland to
release Aldosterone & make the arterioles
constrict to reduce blood flow
Aldosterone – causes water reabsorption
within the distil tubule and collecting duct to
increase blood volume.
IAA – Causes Apical Dominance in shoots,
lateral root growth, phototropism, cell
elongation, and fruit development from an
ovary of a flower
The RAAS system is an
emergency mechanism of the
body to rapidly increase blood
volume in an attempt to keep
blood pressure up, and avoid
heart failure, because there is a
wound causing large amounts of
blood loss.
Synergistic – as the all
work together to
increase blood volume
Animal
Growth and development of
plants and fruit
Antagonistic – to help
ensure proper plant
growth tall and wide
Plant
Growth and development in
plants and fruit
Not related
Plant
Cytokinins – Apical dominance in roots, lateral
stem elongation, cell differentiation, slowing
aging
Gibberellins – Seeds
Ethylene Gas –
seedlings and fruit
Gibberellins &
Ethylene Gas
Gibberellins – Fruit
& Seedling
Ethylene Gas – fruit
and apical meristem
of the seedling
shoot
Gibberellins – breaking seed dormancy in the
spring, seedling growth (bolting), fruit size
growth (promotes gigantic fruit)
Ethylene Gas – Fruit maturation, Triple
response in seedlings to grow around barriers
while in the ground, apoptosis in xylem and
leaves.