Elements and the Periodic Table
Review and Reinforce
Understanding Ideas
1. protons, neutrons, electrons
2. protons and neutrons
3. protons and electrons
4. 6- same as atomic number
5. by the number of protons in the nucleus
6. because atoms are so small
Building Vocabulary
b. 7.
f. 8.
h. 9.
d. 10.
g. 11.
c. 12.
a. 13.
e. 14.
Exactly How Small Is It?
1. The space taken up by the electrons
2. so small, no definite boundary lines, change size depending on state of matter,
change size depending on whether bonded to another atom
3. 37 pm x 2 = 74 pm
4. 114 on x 2 = 228 pm
5. 66 pm = 0.000000000066m
6. nitrogen and bromine
Organizing the Elements
1. atomic number
2. chemical symbol
3. chemical name (element name)
4. atomic mass
5. by increasing atomic mass
6. similar properties
7. an element’s properties
8. period
9. periodic table
10. group
11. chemical symbol
12. atomic mass
continued
Properties of a “Missing” Element
1. silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) because they are in the same group
2. shade of gray
3. 4
4. about 72 or 73, between atomic masses of gallium (Ga) and arsenic (As)
Metals
Understanding Main Ideas
1. Most metals are shiny, ductile, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity,
and solids at room temperature.
2. Sodium is in the alkali metals family. Alkali metals are soft & shiny as pure
elements, but they are so reactive, they are never found in nature in their pure
form. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal. These are less reactive, but still not
found uncombined in nature. They are hard and silvery-white. They are very
good conductors of electricity.
3. Group 13 metal is less reactive since reactivity decreases from left to right on the
periodic table.
4. Lanthanides and actinides are in periods 6 and 7. They are grouped together
beneath the periodic table to keep the table more compact. Electrons are filling
space in an identifiable pattern.
5. corrosion
6. malleable
7. particle accelerator
8. conductivity
9. ductile
10. reactivity
11. alloy
More Properties of Metals
1. increases
2. decreases
3. increases in both Groups 1 and 2
4. decreases
5. As the atomic radius increases, reactivity increases
6. Francium’s atomic radius and reactivity would be greater than cesium, following
the trend in the group.
continued
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Understanding Main Ideas
1. metalloid – nitrogen family
2. nonmetal – oxygen family
3. metal – carbon family
4. nonmetal – noble gas
5. nonmetal – halogen
6. metalloid – carbon family
7. Nonmetals are to the right of metalloids. Metalloids are in a zigzag line between
metals and nonmetals.
8. Hydrogen, each atom has 1 electron and 1 proton.
Building Vocabulary
c 9.
f. 10
a. 11.
b. 12.
e. 13.
d. 14.
Nonmetals in the Atmosphere
1. No known effect on living things. Very small amounts in the atmosphere.
2. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, water.
3. water, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen
4. ozone
5. nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and argon, make up about 99%