Answer Key, Lesson 4, Exercises 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.8 and 4.9
Exercise 4.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
for example
To introduce an example
Now back to our question
To return to an important rhetorical question
As a general rule
To signal an important generalization
We can ask
To introduce an rhetorical question
In other words
To signal restatement of an idea
We'll come back to this question next time
To conclude a topic and indicate its relevance
so one result
To indicate a result
in fact
to introduce an idea or example that you might find surprising
in any case
To set aside possible disagreement in order to return to an important point
We can see that
To interpret factual information
Exercise 4.3
1. tyrants
2. a danger
3. take charge and actually redirect the course of history
4. the growth of strong executive leadership in this century
5. preferring to have one person in charge
6. a huge bureaucracy on the domestic side of government
Exercise 4.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
incredible
further, influence, world
started, topic, pose, questions, guide, discussion
States, Roosevelt, FDR, emerged, executive, 1930s, American depression
danger, pointed out, Plato, Aristotle, time
Exercise 4.8 and 4.9
I. 20th cent. -- age of exec.
A. powerful leaders
1. examples
a. FDR
b. Churchhill
c. Hitler
d. Lenin
e. Stalin
f. Gandhi
g. Mao
2. danger - tyranny - abuse of power - use of leader's will to serve private
advantage so as to satisfy personal ambition
3. These men made signif change in history
B. James Macgregor Burns - 2 kinds of leaders
1. transactional - successfully engage in real world (messy) pol.
2. transformational - heroic - use ideas more & lead people
a. Lenin
b. Hitler
c. Ghandi
II. How did strong leaders come to power?
A. look at changes in econ. and tech. to explain
1. growth exec
2. decline legis. bodies
B. gen rule - strong leaders -- crisis
1. state of econ.
2. nat. security -- war
3. This occurred beginning this century
a. increase indus -- mass prod
b. depression
c. 2 wars I & II
C. (cause/effect chain) as country indus -- gains econ. strength -- turns into mil. strength
-- world power
D. ex = US last quarter 19th cent.
1. Congress strong -- controlled pub. pol.
2. changed 1901 -- McKinley ass.
3. Theodore Roosevelt -- W.H. -- first strong exec 20th cent
a. energy
b. expansionist
c. people approved policies
4. why US recog as world power?
a. rapid expansion US -- indus power
1. 1880-1910 -- most rapid econ expansion -- any indus country
b. translated into mil power
1. T Roosevelt annexed Hawaii / Philippines
2. navy/army -- 1900s begin mil bureaucracy
3. 1914 -- entered WWI
c. thus became world power
d. under leadership - 2 strong exec
1. T. Roosevelt
2. Woodrow Wilson
5. 2 results -- affect exec power
a. centralized/strengthened because of nature of modern warfare
1. ware more dangerous
2. want one person in charge
3. however, pres more dependent on mil advisors
a. 1981 Dept Health/Human Serv -- greater share budget
than any other dpet $ 200 billion
4. broad base support
5. but dif to control
6. age of exec -- age of bureaucratic exec
E. summary
1. age of exec -- result of changes
a. econ
b. tech
2. nation indus world power
a. govt power cent exec
1. mod warfare
2. large bureaucracy