7th Grade Life Science Mini-flash Cards
Unit 1. The Microscope
1. Magnification
2. Stage
3. Resolution
3. Arm and Base
5. Leeuwenhoek
6. Light
The process of enlarging the image of a
specimen
The place where the specimen is placed for
viewing
The ability of the microscope to focus on
two separate, very close objects
The best way to carry a microscope
The scientist most closely associated with
the use of the microscope
The type of microscope we use in school
uses a beam of light to view the object
Unit 2. The Cell
1. Cells
3. Chloroplast
Basic units of structure and function of all
living things
The scientist responsible for identifying
and naming cells
Where photosynthesis takes place
4. Ribosome
Assembles proteins
5. Vacuole
Stores water, waste, and food
6. Nucleus
Controls all of the cell’s activities
7. Golgi body
Packages proteins
8. Cell membrane
9. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Controls what goes in and what comes out
of a cell
Transports proteins
10. Lysosome
Breaks down waste products
11. Mitochondrion
Responsible for turning food and oxygen
into energy
All living things are made of cells, etc
2. Hooke
12. Cell Theory
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Unit 3. Cell Transport
1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
Molecules move from an area of higher to
lower concentration
Water diffuses through a membrane
3. Active transport
Requires a cell to use energy
Unit 4. Cell Processes
2. Water, carbon dioxide, energy
Food making process of autotrophs – using
water and carbon dioxide
End products of cellular respiration
3. Glucose and oxygen
End products of photosynthesis
4. Cellular respiration
Energy producing process - Breaking down
food molecules to release energy
Water and carbon dioxide (+ light and
chlorophyll)
Glucose and oxygen
1. Photosynthesis
5. Raw materials of photosynthesis
6. Raw materials of cellular respiration
7. Complementary
Opposite processes; the end products of
one are the raw materials of the other
Unit 5. Cell Cycle
1. Cell division
Entire cell divides to form two exact copies
3. Mitosis
Division of the nucleus during cell division
4. Replication
DNA makes a copy of itself
5. Cancer
Cell division out-of-control
6. Treatments for Cancer
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
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Unit 6. Introduction to Genetics
1. Mendel
2. Traits
The scientist who discovered the basic
foundations of genetics
Inherited features or characteristics
3. Gene
A section of DNA
4. Allele
A different form of a gene
5. Dominant
7. Phenotype
An allele whose trait always shows up
when present
An allele whose trait is masked by the
dominant trait
Physical appearance of an organism
1. Genotype
Genetic make up of an organism
2. Chromosomes
Rod-shaped bundle of DNA
3. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins
Discovered the structure of DNA
4. Homozygous
Both alleles for a trait are the same
5. Heterozygous
Both alleles for a trait are different
6. Inbreeding
Crossing two individuals with similar or
identical traits
Crossing two individuals with different
traits to get the best of both parents
6. Recessive
7. Hybridization
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Unit 7. Modern Genetics
1. Genetic Engineering
Transferring a gene from one organism to another
2. Cloning
4. Sex chromosomes
Producing an organism identical to the one from
which it was produced
Chart that tracks which members of a family have
a particular trait
X&Y
5. Sex cells
Gametes (egg & sperm)
6. Fertilization
The process by which a sperm cell fuses with an
egg cell
1. Zygote
Fertilized egg
2. Karyotype
A photograph of chromosomes from one cell used
to look for genetic disorders
Condition inherited through abnormal genes or
mistakes on chromosomes
Disorder caused by an extra 21st chromosome
3. Pedigree
3. Genetic disorder
4. Down syndrome
5. Amniocentisis
6. Genome
Technique used to analyze fluid around a
developing baby for genetic disorders
All of the DNA/genes in one cell
Unit 9. Evolution
Variation
Natural selection
Any differences between individuals of the same
species
The means by which evolution occurs
Evolution
Change is a species over time
Adaptation
A special feature or trait an organism has that
helps it survive in its environment
Scientist most associated with the Theory of
Evolution
Traits that can be acted on by natural selection
Darwin
Inherited traits
Role of genes in evolution
Fossils
Only traits that are controlled by genes can be
acted upon by natural selection
The preserved remains or traces of organisms that
lived in the past
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How are most fossils formed?
How do new species form?
How organisms are grouped?
Needs of living things
Embryology
Homologous structures
Extinct
Relative dating
Absolute dating
Gradualism
Punctuated equilibria
What do homologous structures
show?
Evidence of evolution
Geologic Time Scale
Precambrian Time
Branching tree
The most common fossils are formed when they
are buried in sediment.
A group of organisms are separated from other
members of their species
Whether or not they have a nucleus, make their
own food, are single or multi-cellular
Energy source, water, living space, stable internal
environment
The study of organisms before their birth
Body parts that are similar in design by used for
different purposes (whale fin/human arm/dog leg)
A species that does not have any living members
A dating method that is used to show which of two
fossils is older.
A dating method used to determine the actual age
of a fossil
The theory that proposes that evolution occurs
steadily in tiny changes over long periods of time
The theory that proposes that species evolve
during sort periods of rapid change
Body parts that are structurally similar in related
species provide evidence that the structures were
inherited from a common ancestor
1.Homologous structures, 2. Similar appearance in
embryos, 3.Similar protein and DNA sequences,
4. fossils
The calendar of Earth’s history
The largest span of time in the Geologic Time
Scale
A diagram that shows how scientists think
different groups of organisms are related
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