Quarter 4 Final Review
ANSWERS
1. Mitosis is a cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to
each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps. The steps are:
Interphase- Where the cell spends most of its life. DNA copies during this step.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
2. Meiosis is a reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cell and ensures
offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms.
Goes through the same steps as mitosis. But goes through Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, and Telophase twice.
3. The cell spends most of its life in INTERPHASE.
4. The nitrogen bases found in DNA are Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine.
Adenine and Thymine are paired together, Guanine and Cytosine are paired together.
5. A diploid cell all chromosomes are found in a pair. For example, a human diploid cell
has 46 chromosomes, found in 23 pairs.
6. A haploid cell has half the number of chromosomes as body cells. This are always
sex cells.
7. A normal human body cell has 46 chromosomes found in 23 pairs. A normal human
sex cell has 23 chromosomes.
8. There are two types of reproduction. Asexual which is an offspring that is produced
from one parent and has the same DNA as the parent. Sexual reproduction is where
there are two sex cells, an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop
into a new organism with its own unique DNA.
9. There are 3 types of asexual reproduction: Budding- where a new organism is
formed from the body of the parent (Hydra and Yeast) Regeneration- where a new
organism is formed from another body part of the parent (Sponges and Starfish)
Cellular Division- Single celled organism reproduce from the process of mitosis.
10.
A Punnett Square is a tool used to predict the probability of certain traits in
offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine.
11.
Purebreds- are organisms with the 2 of the same alleles for a trait Hybrid- An
organism has different alleles for the same trait Homzygous- has 2 alleles that are
the same for a trait Heterozygous- an organism with two different alleles for a trait.
12.
A capital letter represents a dominant allele, a lower case letter stands for a
recessive allele.
13.
Homozygous Recessive- tt Homozygous Dominant- TT Heterozygous- Tt
14.
Fossils are remains of earlier life forms.
15.
Scientists use DNA to compare the relationship between two different
organisms.
16.
The law of superposition states that when rocks are undisturbed that the oldest
rocks will be found at the lowest levels, and they youngest rocks will be found closest
to the surface.
17.
Evolution is simply a change in inherited traits over a long period time.
18.
Biotic factors are factors in an ecosystem that are living or were once living.
Abiotic factors are non-living factors in an ecosystem
19.
Humus is the decaying material found in soil.
20.
Producers are organisms that make their own food (Plants). Consumers are
organisms that eat producers or other consumers(Cows, Wolf). Decomposers break
down organisms (Fungus).
21.
Carrying capacity is the number of organisms that an ecosystem can support.
22.
Sperm- Male sex cell Egg- Female sex cell Zygote- New diploid cell formed
when a sperm fertilizes an egg.
23.
A pedigree is a tool used to trace a trait through multiple generations.
24.
Results- TT, Tt, Tt, tt
25.
Genotype- the genetic make up of an organism Phenotype- the outward physical
appearance or behavior of an organism as a result of the genotype.
26.
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring
27.
Learned traits are traits that an organism has to obtain through experiences.
This could be things like talking and walking.
28.
Innate traits are traits that an organism is born with. Examples are things like
spiders being able to spin a web, humans being able to breathe, cry, and blink.