Earth Science Unit 5 Part 1: Atmosphere
Name_______________________
________________________
1. Earth's atmosphere is the envelope of gases that
surrounds the planet.
a. made up of
o
o
o
o
o
__________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
and many other gases, as well as
particles of liquids and solids
2. Weather is the _________________ of Earth's _________________
________________________ = the _______________
(gravitational _______) of a column of ________ pushing down on an area.
 ________________________
•
14.7 lbs/inch2
•
1013.25 millibars
•
29.92 inches of Hg
Measuring Air Pressure
________________________
= an instrument that is used to measure air pressure.
________________________ barometer consists of a glass tube open at the bottom end and
partially filled with mercury
________________________ barometer has an airtight metal
chamber
Air Pressure & Altitude
1. _______________= the distance above sea
level.
2. As altitude _______________  Air
pressure _______________
3. As air _______________ decreases, so does
_______________.
Layers of the Atmosphere
1. Scientists divide Earth's atmosphere into four main
layers classified according to changes in
_______________.
a. _______________ – sea level to 12 km
i. All weather occurs here
b. _______________ – from 12 to 50 km
i. _______________ layer,
ii. protects from _______________,
iii. _______________ fly here
c. _______________ – from 50 to 80 km
i. Dense enough to burn
_______________
d. _______________ – above 80 km, made up
of 2 layers
i. _______________– 80 km to 400
km
1. Gas particles electrically
_______________
2. Radio waves
_______________ back to
Earth from here
3. ______________________________occur here
ii. _______________ – above 400 km
1. _______________ orbit here
Energy in Earth's Atmosphere
1. Energy travels to Earth as electromagnetic
_______________ from the _______________
2. EMR travels through the atmosphere &
_______________ the surface of the Earth
3. When Earth's surface is heated, it
_______________ most of the energy back into
the atmosphere as in_______________ radiation
(Long wave radiation).
Heat _______________in the Atmosphere
1. _______________ =the average thermal _______________ of the substance particles
2. _______________= transfer of thermal energy from a _______________object to a _______________ one
Heat is transferred in 1 of 3 ways:
a) _______________= heat given off
b) _______________= heat traveling through soil
c) _______________= hot (_______________) air masses
rising, and cool (_______________) air masses falling
_______________
1. Wind is the movement of air from an area of high
_______________ to an area of
_______________pressure.
2. Winds are caused by _______________in air pressure
caused by unequal _______________ of the
atmosphere.
Wind Direction / Wind Speed
1. Wind speed is measured with an _____________________________.
2. The name of a wind tells
you the direction the wind is
coming _______________.
(eg, northwest)
Local Winds
Sea breezes & Land breezes are local winds caused by the unequal heating of Earth's surface
Daytime: ______________________________
a) land _______________ up
b) hot land air rises
c) cool air from _______________ moves in to replace
it.
_______________: Land Breeze
a) _______________ gives off heat gathered during
day
b) hot sea air _______________
c) _______________air from land moves in to replace it.
______________________________
Because Earth is _______________, global winds do not
follow a straight path.
1.
The way Earth's rotation makes winds
_______________ is called the Coriolis Effect.
2.
In the _______________ Hemisphere, global
winds curve to the _______________. (clockwise)
3.
In the _______________Hemisphere, global
winds curve to the _______________. (counterclockwise)
Global Winds occur over a large area & are affected by the Coriolis Effect (caused by the rotation of the Earth)
1. The Winds
a. _______________ blow from the NE between Equator & 30N
b. Prevailing _______________ blow from the SW between 30N & 60 N
c.
_______________Easterlies 60 N to 90
2. Calm Areas:
a. _______________ along the equator
b. The ______________________________around 30 N
&S
 ______________________________= High speed wind currents about 150
mph that are 10-15 km above the surface
The Water Cycle
1. _______________ : _______________
Label Me!
2. _______________:
makes ___________
3. _______________:
Rain, snow, hail, etc.
4. _______________:
over land (eg. _____)
_______________
Earth Science Unit 5 Part 1: Atmosphere
Name_______________________
Atmosphere
3. Earth's atmosphere is the envelope of gases that
surrounds the planet.
a. made up of
o
o
o
o
o
nitrogen,
oxygen,
carbon dioxide
water vapor,
and many other gases, as well as
particles of liquids and solids
4. Weather is the condition of Earth's atmosphere
Air Pressure
Air pressure = the weight
(gravitational pull) of a column of air
pushing down on an area.
•
101.3 kPa (kilopascals)
•
14.7 lbs/inch2
•
1013.25 millibars
•
29.92 inches of Hg
Measuring Air Pressure
barometer = an instrument that is used to measure air
pressure.
mercury barometer consists of a glass tube open at the
bottom end and partially filled with mercury
aneroid barometer has an airtight metal chamber
Air Pressure & Altitude
4. Elevation – the distance above sea
level.
5. As altitude increases  Air pressure
decreases
6. As air pressure decreases, so does
density.
Layers of the Atmosphere
2. Scientists divide Earth's atmosphere into four main
layers classified according to changes in
temperature.
a. Troposphere – sea level to 12 km
i. All weather occurs here
b. Stratosphere – from 12 to 50 km
i. Ozone layer,
ii. protects from UV,
iii. jets fly here
c. Mesosphere – from 50 to 80 km
i. Dense enough to burn meteoroids
d. Thermosphere – above 80 km, made up of
2 layers
i. Ionosphere – 80 km to 400 km
1. Gas particles electrically
charged
2. Radio waves reflect back to
Earth from here
3. Aurora borealis occur here
ii. Exosphere – above 400 km
1. Satellites orbit here
Energy in Earth's Atmosphere
4. Energy travels to Earth as electromagnetic radiation from the Sun
5. EMR travels through the atmosphere & heats the surface of the Earth
6. When Earth's surface is heated, it radiates most of
the energy back into the atmosphere as infrared
radiation.
Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere
3. Temperature =the average thermal energy of the substance particles
4. Heat= transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one
Heat is transferred in 1 of 3 ways:
d) Radiation= heat given off
e) Conduction= heat traveling through soil
f) Convection = hot (less dense) air masses rising
cool (denser) air masses falling
Winds
3. Wind is the movement of air from an area of high
pressure to an area of lower pressure.
4. Winds are caused by differences in air pressure caused
by unequal heating of the atmosphere
Wind Direction / Wind Speed
3. Wind speed is measured with an anemometer.
4. The name of a wind tells
you the direction the wind is
coming from. (eg, northwest)
Local Winds
Sea breezes & Land breezes are local winds caused by the
unequal heating of Earth's surface
Daytime: Sea Breeze
d) land warms up
e) hot land air rises
f) cool air from ocean moves in to replace it.
Night: Land Breeze
d) ocean gives off heat gathered during day
e) hot sea air rises
f) cool air from land moves in to replace it.
Coriolis Effect
Because Earth is rotating, global winds do not follow a straight path.
4.
The way Earth's rotation makes winds curve is
called the Coriolis Effect.
5.
In the Northern Hemisphere, global winds curve
to the right. (clockwise)
6.
In the Southern Hemisphere, global winds curve
to the left. (counterclockwise)
Global Winds occur over a large area & are affected by the Coriolis Effect (caused by the rotation of the Earth)
3. The Winds
a. Trade winds blow from the NE between Equator & 30N
b. Prevailing Westerlies blow from the SW between 30N & 60 N
c. Polar Easterlies 60 N to 90
4. Calm Areas:
a. Doldrums along the equator
b. The Horse Latitudes around 30 N & S
 Jet Stream= High speed wind currents about 150 mph that are 10-15 km
above the surface
The Water Cycle
1. Evaporation :
-oceans and lakes
Label Me!
2. Condensation:
-makes clouds
3.Precipitation:
-Rain snow hail, etc.
4. Runoff:
-over land (eg. rivers)
-groundwater