Grade 8 Study Guide
The Periodic Table of Elements
Test Date: Tuesday, February 25th
Definition
Term
A list of all the known elements
The periodic table of elements (PTOE)
The PTOE is broken down into 2 groups
Metals and non-metals
The PTOE is also arranged in vertical columns
called
Groups or families
The PTOE is also arranged in horizontal rows
called
periods
-Extremely reactive
-pure in form
- silver colored and shiny
-1 radioactive element
Group 1: Alkali Metals
-less reactive than alkali
-silver colored
-more dense
-all solid
Group 2: Alkaline Metals
The Transition metals: groups 3-12
-mostly solid
-good conductors of heat & electricity
-1 liquid
-few radio active
-some synthetic
-high densities & melting points
-a mix of solids and synthetics
-shiny & reactive
Lanthanides & Actinides: The Rare Earth
Elements
Group 13: Boron Group
-contains one metalloid and 4 metals
- all solids
-contains one nonmetal
-2 metalloids
-2metals
Group 14: Carbon Group
-all solids
-1 gas
Group 15: Nitrogen Group
Group 16: Oxygen Group
-reactive group
-1 gas
Group 17: Halogens
-halogens
-very reactive
-poor conductors of heat & electricity
Group 18: Noble Gases
-unreactive nonmetals
-colorless
-odorless
If an element ‘s a.m.u. is in ( )
It is radioactive
If the symbol is red,
The element is a gas
If the symbol is blue
It is liquid at room temperature
If the symbol is black
It is a solid
If the element is on the left side of the PTOE
It is a metal
If the element is on the right side of the
staircase effect
It is a non-metal
If is sits on the staircase effect it is a
It is a metalloid
If the element is outlined it is
Synthetic or man made
# of energy levels
Period numbers
# of valence electrons
Group numbers
-solid at room temp.
-ductile
-malleable
- excellent conductors of heat and electricity
Properties of Metals
Separates the metals from the non-metals
The staircase effect
Any characteristic of matter that can be
observed without changing the identity of the
material
Physical property
Amount of mass in a given volume
Density
Whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or a gas
at a particular temperature and pressure
State of matter
Characteristics of something that allows it to
change to something new
Chemical property
-dull
-brittle
-low density
-low melting point
Properties of non-metals
properties of Metalloids
-brittle
-hard
-solid at room temperature
A substance that conducts electricity only
under some conditions
semiconductor
Elements that have characteristics of both
metals and nonmetals
Definition of Metalloids
The sum of an atom’s protons and neutron
Mass number
Negatively charged subatomic particle
electron