Support & protection
Cytoskeleton
Made of Tubulin, Actin, & rope
like intermediate fibers
Mainly in Eukaryote cells
Gatekeeper- controls what
comes in & goes out
Cell Membrane
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Found in all cells- prokaryote &
eukaryotes
Contains the chromosomes (DNA)
and the nucleolus
Directs the cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus helps make ribosomes
Found only in Eukaryotes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Extensive membrane system
Makes steroids & lipids (smooth
ER)
Makes proteins (rough ER)
Detoxifies cell
In Eukaryotes
Flat membrane-bound sacs
Golgi Apparatus
Packages & distributes proteins,
digestive enzymes, and other things
to the cell or to the cell membrane
In Eukaryotes
Small spherical organelles
Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes
(Suicide Sac)
Defends cell against some viruses
In Eukaryote cells
Small spherical organelles
Vesicles
Storage- for food, proteins, oils, etc.
Transport- carry material from ER to
Golgi & to cell membrane for
secretion
In Eukaryotes
Mitochondria
Double membrane bound organelle
Folds = Cristae
Open space = Matrix
Contains enzymes & DNA
Function- Cellular respiration,
Makes ATP, “powerhouse of the cell
In Eukaryotes
Ribosome
Only organelle not wrapped in a
membrane!
Made of protein & RNA in 2
subunits
Makes proteins
In Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Seen in bacteria, plants, fungi, algae
& some protozoans
Cell Wall
Rigid structure outside the cell wall
Gives the cell shape, structure &
protection
Made of proteins & carbohydrates
In Eukaryotes & prokaryotes
Chloroplast
Double membrane bound organelle
Contains enzymes & DNA
Photosynthesis -Uses light energy
to convert carbon dioxide and water
into sugar, oxygen and energy
(ATP)
In Eukaryotes- plants, algae, a few
protozoans
Central Vacuole
Largest organelle in a plant cell
Storage- Contains ions, nutrients,
and wastes
When full, makes cell rigid so plant
stands upright.
In Eukaryote plant cells
Nucleoid
A highly coiled circular
chromosome found only in
prokaryote cells
Seen only in bacteria (prokaryotes)
Pilus
Capsule
Used to exchange DNA plasmids
with another bacteria
Found in prokaryotes and some
viruses
Coats the cell wall to prevent drying
and to shield the cell from
antibiotics and antibacterial agents