Cytology Study
Guide
Chapter 7
1. Identify at least 3
characteristics of cells.
O Microscopic
O Make up all living things
O All cells arise from existing cells
O Basic unit of function and structure for
organisms.
O Can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
2. Explain why cells must be
small in size.
O Cells must keep a large surface area to
volume ratio. If a cell gets too large, it might
not be able to transport enough materials
into/out of the cell to meet the cell’s needs.
3. Describe what surface area
is and why it is an important
factor in determining cell size.
O Surface area is the area covered by the cell
membrane. It must be large enough to meet
the needs of the cell efficiently.
4. What scientist is credited
with first discovering cells?
O Robert Hooke
5. Identify the scientists
credited with developing the
cell theory.
O Schleiden and Schwann
6. What are the 3 components
of the cell theory?
O All living things are made up of one or more
cells.
O Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in organisms.
O ALL cells arise from existing cells.
7. Explain how prokaryotes
and eukaryotes differ.
O *** Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound
nucleus, and prokaryotes do not!
O Prokaryotes are thought to have preceded
(evolved before) eukaryotes.
O Prokaryotes are more simple, eukaryotes
more complex.
O Prokaryotes are smaller, eukaryotes are
bigger.
8. Give an example of a
prokaryotic cell.
O Bacteria
9. Give an example of a
eukaryotic cell.
O Animal cells or plant cells
10. Identify at least 3
similarities between plant and
animal cells.
O Both are eukaryotic.
O Both have cell membranes, nucleus,
mitochondria, ribosomes, ER, Golgi bodies,
etc.
11. Identify at least 3
differences between plant and
animal cells.
O Plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells
don’t.
O Plant cells have a central vacuole, animal
cells have smaller vacuoles throughout.
O Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells
don’t.
O Animal cells have lysosomes, plant cells
don’t.
12. Describe the structure and
function of the cell membrane.
O Phospholid bilayer, containing proteins and
carbohydrates as well.
O Its role is to control what enters and leaves
the cell.
13. What is the role of the
nucleus within the cell?
O Controls the cells activities
O Stores DNA
14. What is cytoplasm?
O Fluid-like substance between the cell
membrane and nucleus, in which the
organelles exist.
15. All eukaryotes have a
true membrane-bound
nucleus.
16. Identify 3 components of
the nucleus.
O Nuclear membrane
O Nucleoplasm
O Nucleolus
17. What are organelles?
O Membrane-bound structures within
eukaryotes that carry out specific activities
for the cell.
18. Describe the Fluid Mosiac
Model of the cell membrane.
O Cell membrane is flexible and made up of
different types of molecules all working
together.
19. Identify 3 types of
molecules that make up the
cell membrane.
O Phospholipids
O Proteins
O Carbohydrates
20. What is the organelle that
produces vesicles filled with
proteins?
O Endoplasmic reticulum
21. Explain the difference
between protein pumps and
channels in the cell
membrane.
O Pumps require cell’s energy
O Channels are passive, no energy required
22. What is the
role/importance of the cell
wall in a plant cell?
O Structure and support of the cell
23. The cell wall must be
porous for water, nutrients,
and gases to pass easily
through.
24. What type of molecule
found in the nucleus contains
genetic information?
O DNA
25. Describe the appearance
and role of the Golgi
apparatus.
O Role: collect, modify, package, and ship
materials throughout cell
26. Describe the appearance
and role of the mitochondria
in the cell.
O Role: breaks down organic compounds to
produce ATP (energy)
27. Describe the role of
ribosomes in the cell.
O Make proteins.
28. Name 2 places in the cell
that ribosomes can be found.
O Attached to the RER
O Floating in the cytoplasm
29. Explain the role of the
rough and smooth ER.
O The Rough ER transports proteins made in
the ribosomes. Forms vesicles around the
proteins.
O The Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks
down toxins.
30. What is the difference
between the two types of ER?
O Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it.
Smooth ER does not.
31. Which organelle packages
proteins for distribution?
O Golgi apparatus
32. Explain the structure and
role of the central vacuole in a
plant cell.
O Large membrane-bound compartment in
which water, waste, and nutrients can be
stored in a plant cell.
33. What organelle is
associated with plant
photosynthesis?
O Chloroplasts