Name ________________________________________ Date _____________
Biology MCAS Prep
Session 4: Cells and Organelles
Today’s class will focus on questions that are hard because they are long and wordy, or because they
involve interpreting graphs, charts, or diagrams.
Do Now: Review from Past Classes!
1. What are the six most common elements in living things? Write the acronym (letters) and the name
of each compound
C – Carbon
H – Hydrogen
N – Nitrogen
O – Oxygen
P – Phosphorus
S - Sulfur
2. Organic (carbon-based) compounds: Matching!
__C___ lipids
A.
The building blocks of proteins
B.
Provides quick or long-term energy
C.
Provides waterproofing and forms cell membranes
D.
Building blocks of carbohydrates
___E__ nucleotides
E.
Building blocks of DNA and RNA
__A___ amino acids
F.
Large molecules that hold genetic information
__D___ monosaccharides
G.
Forms body structures (hair, skin, muscle, bone)
and enzymes
__I___ ATP
H.
The process in which an egg and a sperm join
__L____ enzyme
I.
The energy source that cells can use
__N____ denaturing
J.
Causes enzyme-catalyzed reactions to slow down
K.
The process of breaking down glucose to make
ATP
__M___ zygote
L.
A molecule that speeds up chemical reactions
__H___ fertilization
M.
A fertilized egg cell that will develop into an
embryo
N.
The process in which an enzyme loses its structure
(and can no longer work) due to high heat or
extreme pH
___F___ nucleic acids
__G____ proteins
__B___ carbohydrates
3. More matching!
__K___ cell respiration
__J___ cold temperatures
Key Terms and Content Review for Today’s Class
Term
prokaryote
What Kind of Organisms It’s In
Bacteria
nucleus
Description
A cell with no nucleus or other
membrane-enclosed organelles.
Small and simple.
A cell with a nucleus and other
membrane-enclosed organelles.
Larger and more complex.
Holds and protects DNA
cytoplasm
The fluid that fills cells
all
ribosome
Makes proteins
all
lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes
eukaryotes
cell membrane
all
mitochondrion
Controls what enters and leaves
the cell
Performs cellular respiration
chloroplast
Perform photosynthesis
plants, some protists
ER
Modifies and transports proteins
eukaryotes
Golgi
Packages proteins
eukaryotes
mitochondrion
Makes ATP
eukaryotes
cell membrane
Made of a lipid bilayer with
embedded proteins
Provides sturdy structure around
the outside of the cell
Spreading out of materials from
an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration
Diffusion of water across a
membrane
Movement of materials from low
concentration to high
concentration; requires energy!
all
eukaryote
cell wall
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
Word Bank (two of the words are used twice):
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
plants, animals, fungi, protists
eukaryotes
eukaryotes
plants, fungi, bacteria
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Osmosis
Active transport
Diffusion
Practice Problems:
1.
5.
Explain:
Explain:
2.
6.
Explain:
3.
7.
Explain:
4.
8.
Explain:
9.
10.
Explain:
Cell walls and chloroplasts
11.
Cell
Explain: Cell X has no nucleus
and is smaller, Cell Y has a
nucleus and is bigger
Explain:
12.
15.
Explain:
Using energy and going from low to high conc.
13.
16.
Explain:
14.
17.
Explain:
18.
19.
Explain:
Structure 3 is a vacuole that stores water,
etc.
Explain:
Prokaryotes have DNA not in a nucleus