Stress, Faults, & Mountain Building
Earth Science Notes- Ms. Blessing
Name:
Block:
Date:
Where Mountains Form (pp. 236-237)

A
is a large mass of rock that rises a great distance above its
base.

Most mountains occur in long belts along

A
plate boundaries.
is a boundary between oceanic and continental
crust. There are two types:
1.
occur along plate boundaries (ex: West coast of US and South
America)

What has accumulated along the passive continental margin of the Eastern
United States?
2.
Where did it come from?
do not occur along plate boundaries (ex: East coast of US)
How Mountains Form (pp. 238-241)

is a measure of force applied over a given area. Rocks at the surface of the
Earth usually respond to stress by
, while stress applied to rocks
within the surface of the Earth may cause the rocks to

or
.
3 different types of STRESS:
Type of Stress
1. Compression
2. Tension
3. Shear
What is it doing
to the rocks?
Result of stress
Picture
(use arrows)
What type of
plate boundary?
(THINK!)

During plate collisions, stress can cause rock layers along continental margins to crumple
into

. (picture bottom left)

An up fold in the rocks is called an
(looks like an ‘A’)- label below

A down fold in the rocks is called a
(looks like a dip)- label below
FAULTS (write definition)
-
The part of the fault above the fault plane (picture top right) is called the
wall and the part of the fault below the fault plane is called the
wall.
Q. How do geologists classify faults?
-
4 types of FAULTS:
Type of Fault
What happens?
Picture
(Use arrows)
What type of plate
boundary?
(THINK!)
1. Normal Fault
2. Reverse Fault
3. Thrust Fault
4. Strike-Slip
Fault (Transform
Fault)
-
, like faults, are breaks in the bedrock along which no movement has
occurred. Joints provide channels through which fluids enter and move through rock.
Types of Mountains (pp. 243-245)
Type of
Mountain
How is it formed?
Type of Stress Picture
(from above)
(draw the
mountains!)
Plate Boundary &
Location on Earth’s
Surface
1. Folded
2. Dome
3. Volcanic
4. Fault-Block
(Horsts &
Grabens)
Analysis & Summary Questions (Based upon what you learned and already know about plate
tectonic boundaries!)
1. How are plate boundaries related to stress and faulting?
2. How is stress at plate boundaries related to the formation of metamorphic rocks?
3. Compare and contrast a fault and a joint.
4. In general, where do we find mountains?
Why are
some mountains found along areas where there is no plate boundary? (Think of
Continental Drift!)