Ch 7 Cells
1. All mater is made up of ___________.
2. All living matter is made up of ______________.
3. _____________ are the smallest units of living matter and are alive to make up living things.
4. Cells make up _______________
5. What invention allowed us to study cells?
6. Who observed cork and was the first to describe small chambers as cells?
7. What did Anton Von leeuwenhock first observe in a drop of water?
8. Cite the three principles of the cell theory
9. There are ____ basic cell types over the history or evolution of cells.
10. Name the two different cell types.
11. Karyon means ___________ or center.
12. Pro means ____________ and Eu means ___________.
13. Prokaryotic then means cells with no ____________.
14. Prokaryotic cells existed _______________ eukaryotic cells.
15. Eukaryotic cells are more modern and do have a ______________ which prokaryotic don’t.
16. Know the characteristics of prokaryotic cells
17. Prokaryotic cells have 2 kingdoms, ________________ and archaea.
18. Name the three shapes of bacteria…
19. Flagella is a ______________ used for locomotion.
20. Pili are _____________for adhesion (sticking to things)
21. Know the characteristics of Eukaryotic cells.
22. What part of the cell acts as a selective barrier?
23. The ____________ contains DNA and directs protein synthesis as well as cellular activities.
24. The _________________ is where energy for the cell is made in the form of ATP.
25. Chloroplast are found in plant cells and is where________________ takes place to make food
for the plant and energy.
26. The ________________ ________________ is both smooth and rough.
27. Smooth ER makes both ______________ and lipids.
28. Rough ER makes only ______________.
29. _________________ are found on the ER to make it rough and are the site of protein synthesis.
30. The ______________ is responsible in modifying, packaging and secreting of proteins.
31. ______________ are used to transport substances in and out of the cell.
32. ______________ are enzymes used to breakdown substances in the cell.
33. Vacuoles are used to store food and water in ____________ cells only.
34. Prokaryotes use _______________ reproduction to reproduce.
35. Eukaryotic cells use _________________ reproduction to reproduce.
7.2 The plasma membrane
1. The function of the cell membrane is to act as a ___________________ barrier allowing only
certain substances in and out of the cell.
2. ________________ means to allow certain specific things in and out of the cell.
3. The plasma membrane is then to be ________________ permeable because it selects what
goes in/out of the cell.
4. The structure of the membrane is called a ____________ lipid Bilayer.
5. The phosphate heads point towards the sides where there is water and are said to be
__________________ or water loving.
6. The tails of the phospholipids line up where there is no water and are said to
________________ because they repel or dislike water.
7. Water is kept outside and inside the cell due to the phosphate ___________ and tails.
8. The intra cellular space is free of water due to the ____________ tails which are hydrophobic.
9. The surface of the cell ______________ is not smooth.
10. There are surface proteins like ____________
____________ which are used to identify
different cells.
11. _______________ are also found on the surface of cells and are used in cell communication.
12. ___________________ proteins form ion channels to move ions in and out of the cell.
13. Ions like Ca++, K+, and Na+ move in and out of cells by ion _______________.
14. _________________ is a lipid used to give the membrane structure and help keep lipid tails from
tangling.
15. The __________ _______________ is referred to as a fluid mosaic because it moves and has
many parts.
7.4 Cellular transport
1. How many kinds of transport are there?
2. _______________ transport requires no energy.
3. Simple _____________ moves particles from an area of high concentration to an area of
__________ concentration.
4. Diffusion only stops when you reach ____________________.
5. Particles in diffusion move along a concentration _________________.
6. Is the rate of diffusion constant??
7. What 3 things would affect the rate of diffusion?
8. _____________ diffusion is a type of transport that requires a carrier molecule.
9. Osmosis is the diffusion of ______________ across a semi-permeable membrane.
10. ________________ control the movement of water because water moves toward them to dilute
them.
11. In osmosis, water is moving towards solutes in order to dilute them because there is such a
____________ concentration of them.
12. A _________________ solution is a solution very high in solute concentration and low in water.
13. A _________________ solution is very low in solute concentration and high in water.
14. A cell dropped into a hypertonic solution will __________ as water moves in/out of the cell.
15. A cell dropped into a hypotonic solution will ___________ as water moves in/out of the cell.
16. Isotonic means a cell has the __________ concentration of solute and water in and out of the
cell.
17. _______________ transport requires energy in the form of ATP because substances are moved
________________ their concentration gradient.
18. Special ion channels called ___________ are used to force ions against their concentration
gradients.
19. ATP stands for…
20. ____________ is the energy used for ion pumps to move ions in and out of the cell.
21. There are _____ kinds of active transport.
22. Name the 2 kinds of active transport.
23. _____________ active transport keeps making ATP from the use of ATPase.
24. ______________ active transport uses left-over ATP and when its gone the pump shuts down
until more is made available.
25. Vesicular transport moves ___________ molecules or a lot of molecules in and out of the cell by
endo-cytosis (into the cell) and _______________ out of the cell.