Biology 30 - Unit 2
Cells
Cells An Introduction
Animal Cell
Cells Alive – Interactive Cell
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.ht
m
Plant Cell
Cells Alive – Interactive Plant Cell
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.ht
m
Similarities and Differences
Refer back to the diagram of a plant and
an animal cell in your duotang.
Compare and Contrast:
Cell Info
Cells are made of:
90% Water
10% (includes 50% Protein, 15% CHO, 15%
Nucleic Acid, 10% Lipid, 10% other)
Cell Info Continued . . .
The Elements of a Cell:
60% Hydrogen
25% Oxygen
10% Carbon
5% Nitrogen
What’s in a Gene??
GENOME SIZE: stated as the total
number of base pairs
the human genome = 3 billion base pairs
Each DNA Molecule contains many genes (the
basic physical and functional unit of heredity).
a gene is a sequence of nucleotides bases, who
carry the info required for constructing proteins,
which carry the structural components of cells,
tissue, and enzymes.
The Human Genome has about one
hundred thousand genes.
 human genes vary in length
(average size = thousands of bases)
 humans can synthesize approx. 100 000 different kinds
of proteins
 THE GENETIC CODE: is a series of codons that specify
which amino acids are required to make up specific
proteins.
the three billion base pairs are organized into 23 units
called chromosomes (1 set of chromosomes comes
from each parent - Total of 46 chromosomes)
 Chromosomal DNA contains an average of 150 million
bases
Cell History
Please refer to the cell history handout in
your duotang.
Types of Cells
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
 are larger and more
Cellupedia
complex
Different Types of Cells
 have a nuclear
- Eukaryotic Cells
membrane
- Examples
 have membrane bound
organelles (where
isolated biochemical
reactions occur)
 DNA more complex
 Examples: Plant and
Animal cells
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
 smaller simpler
 lack nuclear membrane
 have no membrane bound
organelles
 oldest known forms of life
 hereditary info is spread
throughout the nucleus
 reactions occur on the inner
membranes
 Example: Bacteria, Blue-green
Algae
University of
Arizona Prokaryotic
Tutorial Info
Cellupedia
Prokaryotic
Images
Overview of Cell Structure
Cells vary in shape, size and function
Cell Parts:
Basic cell parts include:
Cell Membrane:
phospholipid bilayer;
function - to hold all contents
in place and regulate the
movement of molecules in and
out of the cell;
receptor sites located in the
membrane control what enters
Cell Parts
Cytoplasm:
nutrients are absorbed,
transported and processed;
wastes will accumulate
here;
Nucleus:
cell’s control centre
all info is encoded in the
DNA
Video of Animal Cells
http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/bvid4a.mov
Video of Plant Cells
http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/bvid4b.mov
Review Site:
http://www.howe.k12.ok.us/~jimaskew/unit4.htm
Cell Structure Handout:
You will create a handout that highlights
the following parts of the cell.
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes,
Chloroplasts, Microtubules (Microfilaments, Cytoskeleton), Mitochondria,
Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome, Centriole, Vacuole, Cell Wall, etc.
Use the websites listed online to help you
out
Biology in the Classroom: Cells: Cell parts
http://wblrd.sk.ca/~bio2030sp/bio30/unit2/plantandanimalcells/page1.
htm