Physiology course for pharmacy students
First semester
Dr.Loai Al-zghoul
Sheet #7
The bonus question:
At equilibrium the force that applied on Na
must equal zerothe electrical force=the
chemical
So by experiment the concentration of Na
in the right side=85 and in the left side=35
to reach the equilibrium the electrical and
the chemical forces are the same but at
opposite sides =50
chemical gradient:85-35=50
electrical gradient:35—15=50
Four types of movement:
3.Carrier-Mediated transport
(proteins )
specificity*
saturation
regulation
*Facilitated diffusion: needs carrier or
channel and doesn't need ATP
Four types of movement:
*simple diffusion: no carriers ,doesn't need
ATP Also,the
3.Carrier-Mediated transport
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
*rate of diffusion has direct relationship
with the concentration.
4. Vesicular transport
Endocytosis
Vesicular transport
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Physiology course for pharmacy students, First semesterDr.Loai AlzghoulSheet #7
Active Transport Modalities
Indirect: use ATP in indirect way to
transfer a certain substances
ex :Aminoacid,glucose , fatty acid
In addition, indirect active transport
couldbe :
Active transport: needs ATP and has two
types:
Direct ex: sodium potassium pump
*co-transport:the transfer of two
substances in the same side
*count transport at opposite sides such as
in secretion of proteins the cell has to
Physiology course for pharmacy students, First semesterDr.Loai AlzghoulSheet #7
transfer protons outside it by sodium pump
which enters the Na inside it using ATP.
The concentration of Na outside the cell is
higher than inside the force that is
applied on it =+61 to prevent Na from
entering inside the membrane we have to
apply force equal +61 to repel with Na+.
Transport
The concentration of K+ inside the
membrane is higher than outside so the
membrane has to apply force inside the
membrane =-61 to prevent K from exiting
the concentration of CL- outside the
membrane is higher than the inside so it
has to apply force=-61 inside it to prevent
the Cl from entering .
direct
active
co-transport
indirect
passive
count
**Nernest equation
PERMEABILITY OF THE PLASMA
MEMBRANE DEPEND ON:
1)SIZE
2)ELECTRICAL CHARGE
3)LIPID SOLUBILITY 4)ion channels
Mainly depend on the concentration.
Equilibrium
Ion channels are example of simple
diffusion because the carriers cannot make
conformation
**The types of ion channels:
1)leakage ion channel ex: potassium
which can open or lose without any
Physiology course for pharmacy students, First semesterDr.Loai AlzghoulSheet #7
conditionsand this is the reason of why
the permeability of K is higher than Na
2)chemical stimulated ion channel (ligand)
3)mechanical gated ion channel
4)voltage gated ion channel

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